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the application of the UPSC Medical Science Optional Syllabus covers topics that are typically covered at the graduate level or above nanotechnology in medicine UPSC.
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This elective topic is typically chosen by applicants who have already completed coursework in medical science as part of their undergraduate degree or who are currently working in the medical field as physicians, biomedical engineers, nurses, or pharmacists
Applicants who have not yet completed coursework in medical science as part of their undergraduate degree are not eligible to choose this topic
You have the option to obtain an in-depth look at the UPSC Medical Science Syllabus, allowing you to begin studying as soon as the website gives you permission to do so
In order to help you develop a strategy for your preparation, the UPSC Medical Science Optional Syllabus covers topics that are typically covered at the graduate level or above
Candidates may get an idea of the general and non-medical scientific topics that they need to study for the test by consulting the UPSC Mains Syllabus for Scientific and Technology
It is critical to do a curriculum analysis in order to identify the facets of the learning experience that need further attention
You should be able to sail through the UPSC Medical Science Syllabus in around three months if you put in the effort to prepare for it
This calls for persistent work that is both dedicated and taxing on one's abilities
The UPSC Medical Science Syllabus may be downloaded in its entirety from the organization's main website at any time applicants choose to do so
We have provided a link for you to obtain the medical sciences supplemental textbook in order to make your workday a little less stressful
If you are a student who exhibits self-discipline and works diligently, you will have a far better chance of qualifying for both UPSC and MBBS at the same time
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The UPSC medical science curriculum is another option that may be pursued in addition to the MBBS degree
An Optional Curriculum in Medical Science for the UPSC Main Exam1
Human anatomy, including but not limited to: anatomy with a clinical focus, including the blood vessels and nerves of the upper and lower limbs, in addition to the joints of the shoulder, hip, and knee
Gross anatomy, blood supply, and lymphatic drainage of the tongue, thyroid, mammary gland, stomach, liver, prostate, and gonads, together with the uterus and gonads
Functional anatomy of the diaphragm, perineum, and inguinal region, with particular emphasis on the inguinal area
From a clinical point of view, the anatomy of the kidney, bladder, and fallopian tubes, as well as the vas deferens, Placenta and placental barrier in embryologyThe physical and clinical architecture of the brain ventricles, as well as the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid, are both aspects of the central and peripheral autonomic nervous systems
These systems are responsible for the development of the heart, intestines, kidneys, uterus, ovaries, and testicles, as well as the common birth defects associated with these organs
Hearing and vision, as well as the placement of the cranial nerves and the clinical significance of their function, are discussed
Pathways of the nervous system and skin lesions
Cranial nerves are separate components of the autonomic nervous system that are found in the skull
The study of human physiology covers a wide range of topics, including the conduction and transmission of the pulse; the mechanics of muscle contraction; neuromuscular transmission; reflexes; the regulation of balance, posture, and muscle tone; descending pathways; the function of the cerebellum and basal ganglia; and the physiology of sleep and awareness
The term "restriction fragment length polymorphism" refers to the phenomenon known as "RFL polymorphism" (RFLP)
Amplification is accomplished via the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Radio-immunoassay (RIA) (RIA)
This course covers a wide range of subjects, some of which include inflammation and repair, growth disorders and cancer, the genesis and histology of rheumatic and ischemic heart diseases, and diabetes mellitus
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Pathogenesis and histopathology of bronchogenic carcinoma, breast carcinoma, oral cancer, cervical cancer, and leukemia; etiology, pathogenesis, and histopathology of liver cirrhosis, glomerulonephritis, acute osteoberculoma, and tuberculosis; and histopathology of bronchogenic carcinoma, breast carcinoma, oral cancer, and cervical cancer
Distinguishing benign, malignant, primary, and metastatic forms of 5
Immunity on the part of the cells as well as the immune system to the disorders that are caused by, in addition to the test diagnostic for Meningococcal, Salmonella, Shigella, Herpes, Dengue, Polio, HIV/AIDS, Malaria, E
Histolytica, Giardia, Candida, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus, etc
Antibiotics, antimalarials, anti-diabetic medicines, general and cardiac vasodilators, antiviral, antiparasitic, antifungal, immunosuppressant, anticancer
Forensic examination of wounds and bruises; examination of blood and sperm stains; examination of causes of death such as poisoning; sedative overdose; hanging; drowning; and burns; as well as DNA examination and fingerprint examination
-General medicine: The illnesses tetanus, rabies, AIDS, dengue, kala-azar, and Japanese encephalitis, as well as their causes, clinical symptoms, diagnoses, and general treatment principles (including prevention)
The following is a list of the factors that contribute to this disorder, as well as its symptoms, diagnosis, and the primary therapies available for it: illness of the heart caused by ischemia, in addition to pulmonary embolism
This section covers a variety of subjects, including the diagnosis of pregnancy, labor management, third stage difficulties, antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage, neonatal resuscitation, treatment of abnormal labor and difficult labor, and management of small babies for date or preterm
Testing for anemia and treatment of it are both a part of this service
Preeclampsia and other difficulties associated with pregnancy, as well as the treatment of postmenopausal symptoms, intrauterine contraceptive devices, oral contraceptives, tubectomy, and vasectomy
Preeclampsia and other pregnancy-related issues
Infertility, dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB), amenorrhea, fibroids, and uterine prolapse are some of the conditions that may be caused by leukorrhea
The termination of a pregnancy through medical means, including all legal considerations; cancer of the cervix; cancer of the cervix; infertility; and the termination of a pregnancy through medical means
The underpinnings, methodology, and approaches of epidemiology, in addition to the many measurements of nutrition, sicknesses, and issues that are connected to nutrition, as well as various projects that are related to nutrition collecting, processing, and disseminating information about medical conditions, goals, and components, as well as conducting research on the utility of such information for national control and eradication programs; malaria, kala-azar, filariasis, and tuberculosis; HIV/AIDS, STDs, and dengue fever
nanotechnology in medicine disadvantages
Nanotechnology application is helping society after 20 years of basic nanoscience research and 15 years of focused NNI R&D
Nanotechnology revolutionizes IT, homeland security, medical, transportation, energy, food safety, and environmental studies
Nanotechnology's benefits and applications are growing
Nanotechnology's various benefits depend on its capacity to modify material structures at microscopic scales to get specific properties, extending the materials science toolkit
Nanotechnology makes materials stronger, lighter, more durable, more reactive, sieve-like, or better electrical conductors
Many commercial products contain nanomaterials and techniques
Nanoscale additives or surface treatments may prevent wrinkles, discoloration, and bacterial growth
Eyeglasses, computer and camera displays, windows, and other surfaces may be made water- and residue-repellent, antireflective, self-cleaning, UV-or infrared-resistant, antifog, antimicrobial, scratch-resistant, or electrically conductive
Washable, durable "smart fabrics"Baseball bats, tennis rackets, bicycles, motorcycle helmets, car components, luggage, and power tool housings are made using nanoscale additions
Next-gen planes use carbon nanotubes
EMI shielding and temperature management need lightweight, conductive materials
NASA's polymer-silicate nanophotograph
High-resolution polymer-silicate nanocomposite image
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This material is used in food and beverage containers, airline and vehicle fuel tanks, and aerospace components
NASA photoNano-bioengineered enzymes transform wood chips, maize stalks, etc
into ethanol fuel
Electronics, construction, packaging, food, energy, healthcare, automotives, and the military employ cellulosic nanoparticles
Cellulosic nanoparticles are cheap and strong
Nano-engineered automobile materials include high-power rechargeable battery systems, thermoelectric materials for temperature management, low-rolling-resistance tires, high-efficiency/low-cost sensors and electronics, and thin-film smart solar panels
Nanostructured coatings for machine parts are harder
Nanotechnology-enabled lubricants and engine oils reduce wear on power equipment and industrial machinery
Nanoparticles boost catalysis
Reduced catalytic material use saves money and reduces emissions
Refineries and catalytic converters are vital
Nano-engineered materials produce better degreasers, stain removers, environmental sensors, air purifiers, antibacterial cleansers, and specialised paints and sealing solutions
Nanomaterials also improve personal care products
Nanoscale titanium dioxide and zinc oxide deliver UV protection without being visible
IT/electronics nanotechnology has created faster, smaller, more portable data-handling devices
Nanotechnology has shrunk computer transistors
1900 transistors were 130 to 250 nanometers
In 2014, Intel created a 14 nanometer transistor, IBM a 7 nanometer transistor, and LBNL a 1 nanometer transistor
Better yet, faster transistors may store computer memory on a single chip
MRAM "boots" computers rapidly
MRAM stores data quickly and allows resume-play using nanometer-scale magnetic tunnel junctions
nanotechnology in medicine examples
Quantum dots deliver brighter, more energy-efficient colors in UHD monitors and TVs
IBM's 7 nm wafer under protection
SUNY's Michael Liehr and IBM's Bala Haranand show a 7nm chip wafer in an Albany clean room
IBM
Wearables, medical applications, aeronautical applications, and the Internet of Things all employ flexible electronics
Smartphone and e-reader screens use flexible semiconductor nanomembranes
Graphene and cellulosic nanomaterials provide "tattoo" sensors, sewable photovoltaics, and rollable electronic paper
Smart gadgets use flat, flexible, lightweight, non-brittle electronics
Other computer and electrical devices include ultra-responsive hearing aids, antimicrobial/antibacterial coatings for keyboards and mobile phone casings, conductive inks for RFID/smart cards/smart packaging, and flexible screens for e-book readers
Nanoparticle copper suspensions are safer, cheaper, and more reliable than lead-based solder
Apps
Nanotechnology improves medical tools, data, and treatments
Nanomedicine uses biological phenomena' natural size to diagnose and treat illness
This micrograph shows nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes for cancer treatment
Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes kill cancer
(NCI/Wake)
Gold nanoparticles identify nucleic acid sequences commercially
They're being explored as cancer and other disease treatments
Nanotechnology enables earlier diagnosis, personalized treatment options, and improved success rates
Atherosclerosis diagnosis and treatment are being investigated using nanotechnology
Researchers created a nanoparticle that reduces plaque like HDL
Advanced solid-state nanopore materials may allow inexpensive, fast single-molecule detection with minimum sample preparation and equipment
Researchers are creating nanoparticle therapeutics that encapsulate or deliver medication to cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy tissue
This might alter cancer treatment and reduce chemotoxicity
Regenerative nanotechnology creates bone and brain tissue
Novel materials may mimic bone's crystal structure or be used as dental resin
Scientists want to grow transplantable organs
A preliminary study shows neurons grow well on graphene
Researchers are studying needle-free immunizations
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Researchers are building a universal flu vaccination scaffold that would cover more strains and use fewer resources annually
Applications: Nanotechnology improves current and alternative energy sources to meet global demand
Many scientists are studying clean, cheap, renewable energy alternatives to reduce energy usage and environmental impact
Nanotechnology enhances oil-to-fuel catalysis
Higher-efficiency combustion and reduced friction reduce vehicle and plant fuel use
Nanotechnology allows offshore gas lift valves and uses nanoparticles to detect oil pipeline faults
Carbon nanotube "scrubbers" and membranes remove CO2 from power plant exhaust
Nanosys' flexible solar panels employ nanoparticles
Image nanosys
Carbon nanotube-containing cables will have lower resistance than high-tension wires, decreasing power loss
Nanotechnology may make solar panels more efficient, resulting in cheaper solar electricity
Nanostructured solar cells may be printed and made on flexible rollers, making them cheaper and easier to install
New research suggests solar converters may be "paintable
Nanotechnology is used to make faster-charging, more efficient, lighter, and longer-lasting batteries
Epoxy using carbon nanotubes is used to make longer, stronger, and lighter windmill blades
Researchers are inventing thin-film solar panels that may be embedded in computer casings and flexible piezoelectric nanowires woven into clothes to power mobile electronics
Methods based on nanoscience are being made to turn waste heat from computers, cars, homes, and power plants into electricity
increasing the number and variety of energy-efficient productsNanotechnology enables more energy-efficient lighting systems; lighter and stronger automotive chassis materials; and light-responsive smart coatings for glass
Cleanup
Nanotechnology can detect and remove environmental contaminants (see above)
Nanotechnology might be able to quickly and cheaply find and fix impurities, making clean drinking water more affordable
Engineers constructed a nanopore desalination membrane
MoS2 filtered 2–5 times more water than traditional filters
Chemical processes using nanoparticles remove industrial water pollutants from groundwater
This is cheaper than treating groundwater
Nanofabric "paper towels" can absorb 20 times their weight in oil
Magnetic water-repellent nanoparticles remediate oil spills
Nanotechnology creates microscopic holes in air filters that collect larger particles
Charcoal filters remove odors
Air and soil nanosensors can detect air and soil contaminants more sensitively
For hazardous site remediation, researchers are studying SAMMSTM, dendrimers, and carbon nanotubes
NASA created a smartphone app to monitor air quality
Future Transport
Nanotechnology might make automobiles, aircraft, spacecraft, and ships lighter, safer, smarter, and more efficient
Nanotechnology enhances transportation
Polymer nanocomposites structural parts, high-power rechargeable battery systems, thermoelectric materials for temperature control, lower rolling-resistance tires, high-efficiency/low-cost sensors and electronics, thin-film smart solar panels, and fuel additives and improved catalytic converters for cleaner exhaust and extended range are nano-engineered automotive materials
Nano-engineering of aluminum, steel, asphalt, concrete, and other cementitious materials and their recycled forms might improve highway and transportation infrastructure performance, resilience, and durability while reducing life cycle cost
New infrastructure may feature self-repairing or energy-generating components
Nanoscale sensors and gadgets can monitor bridges, tunnels, trains, parking structures, and pavements cost-effectively
Nanoelectronics could help make a better transportation infrastructure that connects to systems in vehicles to help drivers stay in their lanes, avoid accidents, and change their travel routes to avoid traffic
Lightweight, high-strength nanomaterials might change any vehicle
A 20% weight reduction on a commercial airplane might save 15% on fuel
NASA determined that employing nanomaterials with twice the strength of standard composites might lower launch vehicle weight by 63%
This might save a lot of energy, enabling single-stage to orbit launch vehicles and open the door to alternate propulsion method
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