Application of nanoparticles in medicine UPSC
The application of the UPSC Medical Science Optional Syllabus covers topics that are typically covered at the graduate level or above nanoparticles in medicine.
nanoparticles in medicine
This elective topic is typically chosen by applicants who have already completed coursework in medical science as part of their undergraduate degree or who are currently working in the medical field as physicians, biomedical engineers, nurses, or pharmacists.
Applicants who have not yet completed coursework in medical science as part of their undergraduate degree are not eligible to choose this topic.
You have the option to obtain an in-depth look at the UPSC Medical Science Syllabus, allowing you to begin studying as soon as the website gives you permission to do so.
In order to help you develop a strategy for your preparation, the UPSC Medical Science Optional Syllabus covers topics that are typically covered at the graduate level or above.
Candidates may get an idea of the general and non-medical scientific topics that they need to study for the test by consulting the UPSC Mains Syllabus for Scientific and Technology.
It is critical to do a curriculum analysis in order to identify the facets of the learning experience that need further attention.
You should be able to sail through the UPSC Medical Science Syllabus in around three months if you put in the effort to prepare for it.
This calls for persistent work that is both dedicated and taxing on one's abilities.
The UPSC Medical Science Syllabus may be downloaded in its entirety from the organization's main website at any time applicants choose to do so.
We've given you a link to the medical sciences supplemental textbook so that you can get it and have a less stressful day at work.
If you are a student who exhibits self-discipline and works diligently, you will have a far better chance of qualifying for both UPSC and MBBS at the same time.
The UPSC medical science curriculum is another option that may be pursued in addition to the MBBS degree.
An Optional Curriculum in Medical Science for the UPSC Main Exam
nanoparticles in medicine review
- Human anatomy, including but not limited to: anatomy with a clinical focus, including the blood vessels and nerves of the upper and lower limbs, in addition to the joints of the shoulder, hip, and knee.
Gross anatomy, blood supply, and lymphatic drainage of the tongue, thyroid, mammary gland, stomach, liver, prostate, and gonads, together with the uterus and gonads.
Functional anatomy of the diaphragm, perineum, and inguinal region, with particular emphasis on the inguinal area.
From a clinical point of view, the anatomy of the kidney, bladder, and fallopian tubes, as well as the vas deferens, In embryology, the placenta and the placental barrier The physical and clinical architecture of the brain ventricles, as well as the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid, are both aspects of the central and peripheral autonomic nervous systems.
These systems are responsible for the development of the heart, intestines, kidneys, uterus, ovaries, and testicles, as well as the common birth defects associated with these organs.
Hearing and vision, as well as the placement of the cranial nerves and the clinical significance of their function, are discussed.
pathways of the nervous system and skin lesions Cranial nerves are separate components of the autonomic nervous system that are found in the skull.
- The study of human physiology covers a wide range of topics, including the conduction and transmission of the pulse; the mechanics of muscle contraction; neuromuscular transmission; reflexes; the regulation of balance, posture, and muscle tone; descending pathways; the function of the cerebellum and basal ganglia; and the physiology of sleep and awareness.
The term "restriction fragment length polymorphism" refers to the phenomenon known as "RFL polymorphism" (RFLP).
Amplification is accomplished via the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Radio-immunoassay (RIA) (RIA).
This course covers a wide range of subjects, some of which include inflammation and repair, growth disorders and cancer, the genesis and histology of rheumatic and ischemic heart diseases, and diabetes mellitus.
nanoparticles in medicine disadvantages
Pathogenesis and histopathology of bronchogenic carcinoma, breast carcinoma, oral cancer, cervical cancer, and leukemia; etiology, pathogenesis, and histopathology of liver cirrhosis, glomerulonephritis, acute osteoberculoma, and tuberculosis; and histopathology of bronchogenic carcinoma, breast carcinoma, oral cancer, and cervical cancer.
- Differentiating between benign, malignant, primary, and metastatic forms of 5.
Immunity of cells and the immune system to disorders caused by, in addition to the test for Meningococcal, Salmonella, Shigella, Herpes, Dengue, Polio, HIV/AIDS, Malaria, E.
Histolytica, Giardia, Candida, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus, and others.
Antibiotics, antimalarials, anti-diabetic medicines, general and cardiac vasodilators, antiviral, antiparasitic, antifungal, immunosuppressant, anticancer 7. Forensic examination of wounds and bruises, blood and sperm stains, causes of death such as poisoning, sedative overdose, hanging, drowning, and burns, as well as DNA and fingerprint examination.
1.-General medicine Tetanus, rabies, AIDS, dengue, kala-azar, and Japanese encephalitis, as well as their causes, clinical symptoms, diagnoses, and general treatment principles (including prevention), are all discussed.
The following is a list of the factors that contribute to this disorder, as well as its symptoms, diagnosis, and the primary therapies available for it: In addition to pulmonary embolism, ischemia causes illness of the heart.
- This section covers a variety of subjects, including the diagnosis of pregnancy, labor management, third stage difficulties, antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage, neonatal resuscitation, treatment of abnormal labor and difficult labor, and management of small babies for date or preterm.
Testing for anemia and treatment of it are both a part of this service.
Preeclampsia and other difficulties associated with pregnancy, as well as the treatment of postmenopausal symptoms, intrauterine contraceptive devices, oral contraceptives, tubectomy, and vasectomy.
Preeclampsia and other pregnancy-related issues.
Infertility, dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB), amenorrhea, fibroids, and uterine prolapse are some of the conditions that may be caused by leukorrhea.
The termination of a pregnancy through medical means, including all legal considerations; cancer of the cervix; cancer of the cervix; infertility; and the termination of a pregnancy through medical means.
- The underpinnings, methodology, and approaches of epidemiology, in addition to the many measurements of nutrition, sicknesses, and issues that are connected to nutrition, as well as various projects that are related to nutrition collecting, processing, and disseminating information about medical conditions, goals, and components, as well as conducting research on the utility of such information for national control and eradication programs; HIV/AIDS, sexually transmitted diseases, and dengue fever
Application of nanoparticle
After 20 years of fundamental nanoscience study and 15 years of targeted nanoparticle applications are assisting society.
Nanotechnology is transforming information technology, homeland security, medicine, transportation, energy, food safety, and environmental research.
The advantages and uses of nanotechnology are expanding.
The ability of nanotechnology to manipulate material structures at tiny dimensions to get specified attributes extends the materials science toolset.
Materials become stronger, lighter, more durable, reactive, sieve-like, or better electrical conductors as a result of nanotechnology.
Nanomaterials and methods are used in many commercial goods.
Surface treatments or nanoscale additions may reduce wrinkles, discoloration, and bacterial development.
Water- and residue-repellent, antireflective, self-cleaning, UV- or infrared-resistant, antifog, antimicrobial, scratch-resistant, or electrically conductive eyeglasses, computer and camera displays, windows, and other surfaces may all be produced.
Washable and long-lasting "smart textiles" Nanoscale additions are used in the manufacture of baseball bats, tennis rackets, bicycles, motorcycle helmets, vehicle components, luggage, and power tool housings.
Carbon nanotubes are used in next-generation aircraft.
EMI shielding and temperature control necessitate the use of lightweight, conductive materials.
NASA's nanophotograph of polymer-silicate.
Image of a high-resolution polymer-silicate nanocomposite.
Food and beverage containers, airline and car fuel tanks, and aerospace components all make use of this material.
NASA photoNano-bioengineered enzymes convert wood chips, maize stalks, and other biomass into ethanol fuel.
Cellulosic nanoparticles are used in electronics, building, packaging, food, energy, healthcare, automotive, and the military.
Cellulosic nanoparticles are both inexpensive and powerful.
High-power rechargeable battery systems, thermoelectric materials for temperature control, low-rolling-resistance tires, high-efficiency/low-cost sensors and electronics, and thin-film smart solar panels are examples of nano-engineered car materials.
Harder are nanostructured coatings for machine components.
Lubricants and engine oils infused with nanotechnology minimize wear on power equipment and industrial machinery.
Catalysis is aided by nanoparticles.
Reduced usage of catalytic materials saves money and lowers emissions.
Catalytic converters and refineries are critical.
Better degreasers, stain removers, environmental sensors, air purifiers, antibacterial cleansers, and specialized paints and sealing solutions are made possible by nano-engineered materials.
Nanomaterials may also be used to enhance personal care products.
Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide on a nanoscale provide UV protection without being apparent.
nanoparticles properties
IT/electronics nanotechnology has resulted in data-handling technologies that are quicker, smaller, and more portable.
Computer transistors have shrunk thanks to nanotechnology.
1900 transistors ranged in size from 130 to 250 nanometers.
Intel developed a 14 nanometer transistor in 2014, IBM developed a 7 nanometer transistor, and LBNL developed a 1 nanometer transistor.
Even better, faster transistors may allow computer memory to be stored on a single chip.
MRAM allows computers to "boot" quickly.
Using nanometer-scale magnetic tunnel junctions, MRAM saves data fast and enables for resume-play.
In UHD displays and TVs, quantum dots provide brighter, more energy-efficient colors.
IBM's 7 nm wafer is under lock and key.
Michael Liehr of SUNY and Bala Haran and of IBM exhibit a 7nm chip wafer in an Albany clean room.
IBM
Flexible electronics are used in wearables, medical applications, aviation applications, and the Internet of Things.
Flexible semiconductor nanomembranes are used in the displays of smartphones and e-readers.
"Tattoo" sensors, sewable photovoltaics, and rollable electronic paper are all made possible by graphene and cellulosic nanomaterials.
Electronics in smart devices are flat, flexible, lightweight, and non-brittle.
Ultra-responsive hearing aids, antimicrobial/antibacterial keyboard and phone casing coatings, conductive inks for RFID/smart cards/smart packaging, and flexible displays for e-book readers are among the other computer and electrical gadgets.
Copper nanoparticle suspensions are safer, less expensive, and more dependable than lead-based solder.
Nanotechnology advances medical instruments, data, and therapies.
Nanomedicine makes advantage of the inherent scale of biological events to detect and cure sickness
Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes for cancer therapy are seen in this micrograph.
Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes are cancer-killing.
Commercially, gold nanoparticles are used to detect nucleic acid sequences.
They are being researched for use as cancer and other illness therapies.
Nanotechnology allows for earlier diagnosis, more individualized treatment choices, and higher success rates.
Nanotechnology is being used to examine the diagnosis and therapy of atherosclerosis.
Researchers developed a nanoparticle that lowers plaque in the same way as HDL does.
Advanced solid-state nanopore materials may enable low-cost, quick single-molecule detection with little sample preparation and equipment.
Nanoparticle therapies are being developed by researchers to encapsulate or transport medicine to cancer cells while causing little harm to healthy tissue.
nanoparticles in drug delivery
This has the potential to change cancer therapy and lessen chemotoxicity.
Bone and brain tissue are created using regenerative nanotechnology.
Novel materials may be utilized to replicate the crystal structure of bone or as dental resin.
Scientists want to develop transplantable organs.
According to early research, neurons grow effectively on graphene.
Researchers are investigating needle-free vaccinations.
Researchers are working on developing a universal flu vaccine scaffold that would cover more strains while using less resources each year.
Nanotechnology enhances existing and alternative energy sources to fulfill global demand.
Many scientists are researching clean, inexpensive, renewable energy options in order to minimize energy use and environmental effect.
Oil-to-fuel catalysis is improved via nanotechnology.
Higher-efficiency combustion and lower friction minimize fuel consumption in vehicles and plants.
Offshore gas lift valves are made possible by nanotechnology, and nanoparticles are used to identify oil pipeline defects.
CO2 is removed from power plant exhaust using carbon nanotube "scrubbers" and membranes.
Nanoparticles are used in Nanosys' flexible solar panels.
Image nanosys
Carbon nanotube cables will have lower resistance than high-tension wires, resulting in less power loss.
Solar panels may become more efficient as a consequence of nanotechnology, resulting in cheaper solar power.
Nanostructured solar cells may be printed and manufactured on flexible rollers, making them less expensive and simpler to install.
According to new research, solar converters may be "paintable."
Nanotechnology is utilized to create batteries that charge quicker, are more efficient, are lighter, and last longer.
Windmill blades made of epoxy and carbon nanotubes are longer, stronger, and lighter.
To power mobile devices, researchers are developing thin-film solar panels that can be incorporated in computer cases and flexible piezoelectric nanowires that can be woven into clothing.
Nanotechnology-based methods are being developed to convert waste heat from computers, automobiles, residences, and power plants into energy.
expanding the quantity and diversity of energy-saving good
Nanotechnology allows more energy-efficient lighting systems, lighter and stronger vehicle chassis materials, and smart glass coatings that respond to light.
nanoparticles in cancer treatment
Environmental pollutants may be detected and removed using nanotechnology (see above).
Nanotechnology may be able to discover and correct contaminants fast and inexpensively, making clean drinking water more accessible.
A nanopore desalination membrane was built by engineers.
MoS2 filtered 2-5 times the amount of water as standard filters.
Nanoparticle-based chemical techniques eliminate industrial water contaminants from groundwater.
This is less expensive than treating groundwater
"Paper towels" made of nanofabric can absorb 20 times their weight in oil.
Oil spills are cleaned up using magnetic water-repellent nanoparticles.
Air filters with tiny pores created by nanotechnology catch bigger particles.
Odors are removed with charcoal filters
Air and soil nanosensors may identify toxins in the air and soil more precisely.
Researchers are investigating SAMMSTM, dendrimers, and carbon nanotubes for hazardous site cleanup.
NASA developed a smartphone app to monitor air quality.
Transportation of the Futur
Nanotechnology has the potential to make autos, planes, spaceships, and ships lighter, safer, smarter, and more efficient.
Transportation is improved by nanotechnology.
Nano-engineered automotive materials include polymer nanocomposites structural parts, high-power rechargeable battery systems, thermoelectric materials for temperature control, lower rolling-resistance tires, high-efficiency/low-cost sensors and electronics, thin-film smart solar panels, and fuel additives and improved catalytic converters for cleaner exhaust and extended range.
Aluminum, steel, asphalt, concrete, and other cementitious materials, as well as their recycled forms, might be nanoengineered to increase highway and transportation infrastructure performance, resistance, and durability while lowering life cycle costs.
Self-repairing or energy-generating components may be included in new infrastructure.
Nanoscale sensors and devices may be used to monitor bridges, tunnels, railways, parking structures, and pavements at a low cost.
Nanoelectronics might aid in the development of improved transportation infrastructure by connecting to systems in cars that assist drivers in staying in their lanes, avoiding accidents, and changing their travel patterns to avoid traffic.
Lightweight, high-strength nanomaterials have the potential to transform any vehicle.
A 20% weight reduction on a commercial airliner might result in a 15% fuel savings.
NASA calculated that using nanoparticles that are twice as strong as normal composites might reduce launch vehicle weight by 63%.
This might save a significant amount of energy, allowing single-stage to orbit launch vehicles and opening the door to alternative propulsion techniques.
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