Nigeria is one of the countries capable of producing almonds and almond butter due to the climate conditions that exist there; thus, the price of either of these goods is fairly low in this country. In point of fact, agriculture is the primary contributor to Nigeria's economy. Before the discovery of vast oil and gas reserves in Nigeria in the 1960s, the country was thought to be self-sufficient in terms of food and agricultural production. This lasted until the 1960s. The discovery of oil and the government's growing reliance on easily accessible sources of foreign exchange due to the export of this raw material led to the neglect of the agricultural sector and caused the gradual decline of this important part of the Nigerian economy. 
However, the discovery of oil and the growing dependence of the government on easily accessible sources of foreign exchange led to the export of this raw material. Because of the favorable climate, abundant rainfall, high-quality land, and a population of more than 190 million people, the majority of whom are young and live in rural areas, it is forced to import more than 22 billion dollars' worth of agricultural products each year to feed its people. This is despite the fact that the land is of high quality and the climate is favorable. More than seventy percent of Nigeria's workforce is employed in agriculture, and the country's abundant resources—including more than 960 kilometers of coastline, 82 million hectares of arable land, at least six months of rainfall per year, rivers full of water, and more than 82 million hectares of arable land—mean that it can not only be self-sufficient in providing food for its people, but also, if it adopts an appropriate strategy and makes optimal use of its abundant resources, it will be Through an analysis of the current situation in the agricultural sector in Nigeria, the purpose of this piece is to try to determine the most significant challenges and shortcomings that are impacting this significant component of the economy of the country. Agriculture is still one of the most important sectors of the Nigerian economy, and it is the backbone of the economy of the people of this country because it employs 70 percent of the labor force. Despite Nigeria's strong dependence on oil and foreign exchange earnings from its export, agriculture is still one of the most important sectors of the Nigerian economy. Agriculture today contributes slightly more than 21% to Nigeria's gross domestic product. Despite the fact that just 42% of the prime land in the country is utilised for agricultural purposes, agriculture is nevertheless responsible for providing food for more than 80% of Nigerians. Sesame, cassava (also known as manioc, which is one of the most widely consumed starchy grains in Africa), cocoa, and yam are among the most important agricultural commodities produced and exported by Nigeria. 
Agriculture in Nigeria is typically carried out in a conventional manner, utilizing only the most fundamental of tools. Indian), peanuts, soybeans, cashews, corn, cotton, and gum arabic are some of the crops that are grown there. Rice, wheat, and other grains are the primary agricultural products that Nigeria buys from foreign countries. It is important to keep in mind that the rainy season in Nigeria lasts for around six months, beginning in May and continuing through November. Additionally, the amount of rainfall that occurs in the southern states of that country is greater. To put it another way, as we travel farther towards the north of Nigeria, the amount of rainfall that falls on the land and the amount of area that is ideal for agriculture both decrease. 2- The primary commodities produced by Nigeria's agriculture sector As was previously stated, the most significant agricultural products in Nigeria are sesame, cassava, cocoa, yam, peanut, soybean, cashew, rice, maize, gum arabic, and cotton. Other significant agricultural crops include gum arabic. The quantity of production as well as the export of Nigeria's most significant agricultural goods will be investigated in this part of the article. Sesame: Nigeria is the second largest sesame producer in Africa, after Sudan, and the third largest sesame producer in the world, with an annual output capacity of 580,000 tons of sesame. Sudan is the greatest sesame producer in the world. 
It is estimated that the value of this commodity's exports in 2018 alone amounted to 89 billion naira, which is roughly equivalent to 247 million and 222 thousand dollars. This product is responsible for a substantial portion of Nigeria's agricultural exports. The majority of the land in the north, south, and west is devoted to the cultivation of sesame. The land in Nigeria is suitable for agriculture, and the states of Benuei, Jigawa, Nasarawa, Kano, Katsina, Yobe, and Kogi are among the most important producers of sesame in the country. Japan, China, Turkey, and India are the primary destinations for exports of sesame from Nigeria. It is worth mentioning that an increasing trend of importing sesame from Nigeria to Iran in recent years has been caused by the competitive price and quality of Nigerian sesame when compared to the traditional sources of sesame import by our country, which are India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. This trend has led to an increase in the amount of Nigerian sesame imported to Iran. The import value of sesame and its oil rose from 389 thousand 718 dollars in 2015 to 3 million 708 thousand 962 dollars in 2017, as indicated by the statistics of the Tehran Chamber of Commerce. cocoa Nigeria is the fourth largest producer of cocoa in the world, behind only Ivory Coast, Ghana, and Indonesia. Cocoa is one of the most important agricultural products and one of the most important currency-earning products of that country. Nigeria's annual production of cocoa is more than 430,000 tons, making it the fourth largest producer of this product in the world. 
The announcement made by the Nigerian National Bureau of Statistics stated that the value of the country's cocoa exports in 2018 was 83 billion and 700 million dollars, which is equivalent to $232 million and 500 thousand dollars. This item is mostly cultivated in the southwestern areas of Nigeria and is primarily supplied to countries in North America and Europe. cassava Cassava is the most important source of food for the people of Nigeria, and with an annual production of 47 million tons of cassava, this country accounts for more than twenty percent of the total production of this product in the world. Cassava is also the most important source of income for the country of Nigeria. Cassava can be grown on virtually every available piece of land in Nigeria; as a result, the country's government is exploring ways to reduce the amount of wheat flour that goes into the making of bread in favor of increasing the usage of cassava flour instead. Although the yearly value of cassava production in Nigeria is 16 billion dollars, the country's annual income from cassava export is just slightly more than 136 million dollars. This is despite the fact that the value of cassava production in Nigeria is 16 billion dollars. It is important to note that China is the primary market for cassava exported from Nigeria.
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