orange has various types such as navel which are so sweet and delicious that have great market potential. This kind of orange is grown in special climates such as Iran and the United States. Navel oranges are a winter cultivar of the genus Citrus sinensis, which also includes varieties such as Kara-Kara oranges, red oranges, and Valencia oranges. Navel oranges are round to slightly oval, 3 to 4 inches in diameter, bright orange in color, with medium to thick skin and a slightly pebbly texture. Under the shell is a white core, which can be easily removed. The fruit itself is pitted and consists of 10-12 segments of tender, juicy pulp that tastes sweet, tangy, and pungent with low acidity. Navel oranges are available from November to June, with the peak season being January and February. They are used for cooking, for orange juice, for skins, and for eating with the hands. Their thick skin makes them easy to peel. The data shows that the national production of navel oranges is about 3.366 million tons. The Chinese market for navel oranges is growing every year. Data show that China's navel orange market reached 30.431 billion yuan. In terms of market segmentation, the fresh fruit sector is the backbone, while the processing sector is mainly in the early stages of commercialization. According to statistics, in 2020, the market for fresh navel oranges was 30.097 billion yuan, while the market for deep processing was 334 million yuan. Of all the production areas, Ganzhou in Jiangxi Province has the largest navel orange production area in the world due to its excellent geographical position, and its production ranks third in the world (after Spain and the United States). 40% of China's total navel orange production. With an annual production of one million tons, Ganzhou is today the largest fresh navel orange producing region. According to statistics, the sown area of navel oranges in sugar cane in 2020 was 1.7 million hectares, and the production of navel oranges reached 1.38 million tons.
Naval orange market
The navel type of orange has its own customers because it is sweet and delicious. Navel oranges are in season from November to June and are mostly available from January to May. Since they ripen in the cold season, they are rightly called winter oranges. Navels are deliciously sweet oranges with less heat than Valencia oranges. They are great for snacking or adding a sweet, refreshing flavor to a salad. If you want to squeeze navel oranges, then you should definitely drink the juice immediately after juicing, as the pulp contains limonin and the fruit juice will quickly become bitter. Navel oranges fit most people's description of oranges with a rounded shape and a wavy, bright orange skin. Their distinguishing feature is a depression at one end, reminiscent of a human navel, hence their name. Navel oranges have a thicker skin and are easy to peel. Their parts are easily separated, and they taste sweet and juicy. According to the Xinhua Index, the purchase price of oranges rose 7.76% every month and 100.16% on an annualized basis. The e-commerce price index rose 19.03% year on year, while the wholesale price index rose 48.15%. The new orange is one of the most popular fruits in the citrus category, this variety of orange has the highest sales volume in the world and is of high quality. The price of buying and selling new oranges in the fruit and citrus market is relatively cheap and proportional to the number of buyers and producers in the country. Fresh oranges are one of the suitable alternatives for the production of natural orange juice, and a large amount of this product is supplied to juice factories for juicing. The new oranges are in high demand in the fruit and citrus market, and today they are mass-produced in the daily market so that customers can buy them in the varieties they need. These offered oranges have the right taste and shape, so a large number of new oranges are introduced to the fruit and citrus market in order to best meet the needs of customers.
Navel orange in Iran
There are several kinds of navel types of orange in Iran.
- Washington's navel:
The Washington navel orange is one of the most popular citrus orange fruit in the world and a gardener's favorite orange tree. Washington Naval Orange is the fastest growing orange on the market and since it is the first orange plant, more and more gardeners are interested in growing it. To increase the marketability of this product, it is very important to increase the shelf life. Thus, optimizing conditions before and after harvest has a significant impact on fruit quality.
- Thomson Navel:
Thomson's navel is one of the fruits chosen for the humid northern regions of Iran and is known as the Palestinian orange in this region. Compared to the Washington navel orange, the Thomson navel fruit is relatively smaller, conical, thinner, and has a smoother skin. Their carapace is lighter in color, but their fleshy plates are fuller than those of Washington's navel. Odorless, seedless and cold hardy, it ripens 15 to 20 days earlier than Washington Navel.
- frost navel:
More acidic than Washington Navel, Frost Navel ripens late and has smaller fruits, but its flesh is crisp, juicy and tastes better. It is seedless and cold hardy. In general, navels are adapted to cold and humid climates, and in some southern parts of the country, such as Fasa and Zhiroft, are of relatively good quality. 
Sweet orange market
There are always a high demand for the sweet type of orange in the market, because most people like the taste of sweet, and they prefer to buy the sweet type of orang fruit. As the global economy recovers, sweet blood orange oil growth in 2021 will be very different from last year. According to our latest research (LP information), the global sweet orange oil market volume will grow from millions of US dollars in 2021 to millions of US dollars in 2022 with a percentage change between 2021 and 2022. Sweet Orange Essence will reach millions of USD in 2028 and will grow at a CAGR% rate over the 2022-2028 analysis period. The US sweet orange gasoline market is expected to reach US$1 million in 2021 and grow by about % over the forecast period 2022-2028. China accounts for % of the global sweet orange essence market share and will reach the value of one million US dollars by 2028. As for the European sweet orange essence landscape, Germany is expected to reach US$1 million by 2028, showing a % CAGR in the forecast period 2022-2028. In Asia Pacific, other major markets (Japan and South Korea) are expected to grow by % and % respectively over the next 6 years. The main suppliers of sweet orange essence in the world are Zhengzhou Yuhe Food Additive Co., Ltd, Henan Ruiren Bioengineering Co., Ltd, Shandong Huiheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd and Chengdu Wanxiang Hongrun Biotechnology Co., Ltd, etc. In terms of revenue, the two largest global companies will own almost % a share in 2021. 
Orange market in Iran
Iran has suitable weather for growing the orange, that's why Iran is one of the most important countries in orange production, and Iranian orange is famous in the world. Iran has soil and conditions suitable for growing all kinds of citrus fruit, especially oranges. Oranges are a specific fruit of tropical and subtropical regions. Orange growing areas in Iran are located in the provinces of Mazandaran, Golestan, and Gilan in northern Iran. In the south of Iran, most oranges are harvested in the provinces of Kerman, Fars, and Hormozgan. In northern Iran, high-quality oranges are grown that are compatible with the environment and climate of the north. Meaty and juicy oranges are a product of northern gardens. Of the northern cities, most oranges are grown in the city of Shaheswar (Tenkabon). Shaheswar has fertile land for growing all kinds of sweet and high-quality oranges. Gardening is the second main occupation of the industrious inhabitants of Shaheswar. During the orange picking season, many orange vendors can be seen on the streets of Tenkabon. 
According to statistics from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, about 75 million tons of oranges are produced annually in the world. Iran ranks seventh among the producing countries of this product, producing about 2.5 million tons of oranges.
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