Rules and methods of welding stud for over 100 years, metal structures have been used in the construction industry for their economy, flexibility, and speed of construction. Low weight resistance, elasticity, and ductility are among the reasons for the widespread use of metal structures in earthquake-prone countries, including Iran. One of the most common methods of joining metal components in structural construction is welding, which is very important during earthquakes. Therefore, according to the standard, they should be of good quality. stud welding is one of the types of welding used in steel construction. Steel-concrete composite roofs are used for the construction of steel structures. The speed of implementation of composite roofs, the economy of this method due to the reduction in the number of beams and concrete used, the high strength and low weight, thus reducing damage during earthquakes is one of the reasons for the use of this type of roof in earthquake prone areas. According to a report published by stud and Sazeh Manufacturing Company, today more than half of office and residential buildings in Iran have composite roofs due to economic and time savings.
The composite roof consists of steel beams, galvanized sheets as concrete slabs and studs. The studs are connected to the steel profiles by the stud welding method before the concrete is poured. All types of fasteners can be used in the construction of composite roofs, but according to research and existing standards, Sardar's studs are the most widely used due to their greater load resistance. During dynamic loading, Golmikh is subjected to shear and tension forces from different points. According to the available information, the purpose of stud design is to generate welding resistance against applied shear forces, while the purpose of stud head design is to resist tensile stress during loading. Stud Welding Stud welding is a common method of joining metal studs or fasteners to metal work pieces. This method is an alternative to other welding processes that have been in use since the 1940s, as well as other joining methods such as drilling, threading, threading, and bonding metals. Millions of metal nails have been manufactured and designed. Various types of plywood welding processes are used in various situations in various industries such as steam boiler production, construction, shipbuilding, automobile manufacturing, etc. Stud welding is an alternative to other welding processes as well as other joining methods such as drilling, threading, threading. 
Using Carpet on Steel Deck Roofs Spikes come in different types and shapes depending on their type and purpose. A type of stud is designed and made from wood and some different metals. Different types of metal studs are used in various industries such as boiler production, construction, shipbuilding, automobile manufacturing, tanks, and welding. Methods of performing the Golmikh welding process Golmikh welding includes metallurgical, mechanical, and electrical rules, just like other arc welding processes. stud welding, like other welding processes, includes arc and shock in the welding process. The basis of this welding is that the electrode joins the base metal by heating the two parts and draws an arc between the two parts. Arc length and arc build-up time can be adjusted using this type of welding equipment. After the arc is established, the end of the weld and the surface of the workpiece reach a suitable connection temperature, and after a controlled period, the two heated surfaces are pressed together to form a metallurgical bond. 
The full power of the flower. Advantages and limitations of the stud welding process the stud welding process has advantages and limitations. The most important advantages include Due to the very short arc welding cycle times, the weld metal and the area affected by the weld are very narrow, so the amount of applied stress is very low. stud can be welded to it in different positions while making other parts of the skeleton, reducing the overall construction time. On the other hand, there is no need to touch both sides of the welding surface. There is no need to drill and screw studs, and sometimes thicker sheets need to be selected to generate sufficient strength. There is no limit to attaching very small studs to thin sheets, and by using stud capacitor discharge welding, studs thinner than normal pins can be welded to sheets 0.75mm thick or less without melt Risk of passing through the sheet. Two heterogeneous metals, such as stainless steel, brass and steel, aluminum and die-cast zinc alloy, and brass and copper, can be joined by the stud welding method.
Among the limitations of the Golmikh welding process, the following can be mentioned: The studs on both sides of the work piece cannot be connected, and the studs must be welded on both sides if necessary. Localized heating is detrimental to high carbon steels due to rapid cooling rates and resulting embrittlement of the weld zone. The size and shape of the stud is a function of the torch holder, and for thin plates, the size and diameter of the stud are limited. Types of stud Welding Define sub-branches for stud welding based on welding time, weld pool location and welding energy. There are two types of butt welds. The first type, which uses DC power and generates the necessary energy through a generator motor like the manual electrode welding process. The second uses the discharge power of the cell, which is called the capacitor discharge process.
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