Often found along with iron oxide minerals, pyrite is considered a waste and hazardous mineral due to the problems it causes in the steel making industry. Pyrite particles in the presence of iron minerals such as magnetite and hematite cannot be completely recovered by a magnetic separator. Reverse flotation is an effective method for desulfurization from magnetic concentrates. Today, flotation columns are widely popular in the iron processing industry due to their lower capital and operating costs and their ability to produce concentrates of higher grade and recovery than mechanical cells for the purpose of reducing impurities. The purpose of this study was to reduce the sulfur content caused by concentrated pyrite from about 0.5% to below 0.1% in the hematite recovery line magnetic separator of the Golghar iron ore complex by column flotation. To this end, 26 experiments were carried out in the form of experimental design to investigate the influence of important operating factors such as gas apparent flow rate, layer height, amount of foaming agent, solid content, pulp pH, etc., to achieve the goal.
The results show that reverse column flotation is a suitable method for desulfurization of iron ore. Under optimal conditions, it can produce products with a sulfur content of 0.08% and an iron recovery rate of 99.5%. Comparing the performance of column flotation with mechanical flotation under optimal conditions shows that for desulfurization, column flotation has a higher separation efficiency (about 4%) than mechanical flotation. Pyrite is a yellow or golden-yellow mineral with the chemical formula FeS2 (46.6% iron and 53.4% sulfur), in which in addition to iron and sulfur, there are metals such as gold, silver, cobalt, nickel, copper, etc., zinc, arsenic, tungsten, etc. have also been found. Pyrite is used in the jewelry, paper, and dye industries. Although this mineral contains a lot of iron and sulfur, it is interesting that this mineral is not useful in extracting iron or sulfur. Because pyrite looks like gold, it is also called fool's gold. Of course, this does not mean that there is no gold in this mineral, as some pyrites contain gold, although this gold is mainly in small amounts and in the form of sulfides. Detection of gold from pyrite Because pyrite contains a lot of sulfur, it usually has a sulfurous odor. 
This stone is also considered a brittle and brittle stone in terms of hardness, so it is crushed and powdered with the impact of a hammer; unlike gold, which is a soft and malleable metal, it can be easily bent and molding. The brilliance of pyrite exceeds that of gold in gold rock, so much so that it also shines in mud. If you put this stone in the sun, it will glow in the part with the crystalline state (not all parts). Pyrite is insoluble in water, ink salts and sulfuric acid, but nitric acid is soluble. Note that nitric acid does not dissolve gold by itself, so nitric acid can be used to distinguish gold from pyrite. Pyrite is black, green, or gray in color, while gold is gold. (For this test, paint the golden parts of the stone on unglazed china, such as the back of a tile or the edge of broken china, to determine the color of its outline). Also, since gold is a soft metal, it can be cut with a sharp knife, while pyrite cannot be cut with a knife. Another way to detect pyrite is by soil washing. Because gold is easy to clean and separate from impurities due to its high density; unlike pyrite, pyrite cannot be separated from impurities by washing. 
However, the best way to determine if your rock is pyrite or gold and if it contains gold is to take a rock to an xrf lab so they can analyze it for you. Of course, there is a quicker and easier way, and that is to dissolve some stones in sultanic acid and test the solution with tin chloride. WARNING: Dissolving pyrite in nitric and sultanic acids can cause this stone to oxidize and release toxic metals like arsenic, which in this case poses a very serious risk to humans. While chalcopyrite looks like pyrite, it's important to note that the two minerals are different. For example, chalcopyrite has the chemical formula CuFeS2 (actually, this mineral contains copper in addition to iron and sulfur), and unlike pyrite, it can be easily scratched with a knife or even the tip of a fingernail. In addition, its outline color is gray-green, soluble in nitric acid and ink salts.
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