natural bitumen lake purchase price + sales in trade and export

Natural bitumen in Tamil is known by the name of Pitman (நிலக்கீல்) which refers to any of the several naturally occurring impure hydrocarbon mixtures with different VG grades. Natural bitumen can occur in nature as in lakes or mines. The remains of prehistoric animals that have decomposed through time and been subjected to heat and pressure can be found as deposits of naturally occurring bitumen at the bottom of lakes that dried up long ago. Oil sands are another name for diluted bitumen. Oil sands are a type of partially consolidated sandstone that contains a naturally occurring mixture of sand, clay, and water. This mixture is filled with a thick and extremely viscous form of petroleum.

The province of Alberta in Canada contains some of the world's largest deposits of bituminous sands, and as a result, recent increases in oil prices have made it economically viable to obtain petroleum from these sands on a commercial basis.

Bitumen

Bitumen is made up of several types of complex hydrocarbons, and it also has trace amounts of elements including calcium, iron, sulfur, and oxygen. The origin of the crude oil it is sourced from determines both the quality of the material and the ease with which it can be manufactured. Paving roads is the most common application for the material. Bitumen or a mixture of bitumen and aggregates like concrete makes up the majority of the material used in the construction of roads in the United States. When asphalt roads are replaced, the material can be recycled and used for subsequent road construction projects. Because of its water-repellent properties, it is frequently used in the production of roofing goods by manufacturers. The composition of the asphalt mixture, the temperature in the surrounding environment, as well as the amount of stress that is placed on the material, might cause the bitumen to permanently distort when subjected to large loads. The oxidation of bitumen can make asphalt brittle, which in turn can lead to the material breaking apart.

natural bitumen meaning in Tamil

Natural bitumen is known by many names globally, for instance, in Tamil, the word for bitumen is pitium (இயற்கை பிற்றுமின்), meaning all kinds of black viscose and natural hydrocarbon. Bitumen is made up of a variety of different types of hydrocarbons.

The naturally occurring organic byproduct of decomposing plant matter, bitumen takes the appearance of a black, oily, and viscous substance.

How Bitumen Is Produced

It is also known as aspartal and tar. This unique natural material is both flame-retardant and impervious to water, and it has been put to use by humans in a wide variety of applications and implements for the past 40,000 years at the very least. The modern world makes use of a wide variety of bitumen products, some of which are additions for toilet paper or diesel, or other gaseous oils, while others are used for construction purposes. Natural bitumen is a highly concentrated form of petroleum that consists primarily of 83 percent of carbon, 10 percent of hydrogen, and trace amounts of other elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, Sulfur, etc. It is a natural polymer with a low molecular weight that has a great ability to alter with temperature fluctuation. Bitumen is brittle at low temperatures, but at high temperatures, bitumen flows and is semi-solid. Bitumen deposits can be found naturally all over the world, including in places like Pitch Lake in Trinidad and La Prairie Pit in California. However, the most substantial bitumen deposits are located in the Dead Sea region of Venezuela, northeastern Alberta in Canada, and Switzerland. The chemical make-up of these deposits, in addition to their degree of stability, varies quite a bit. Bitumen can be found naturally coming out of the landscape in some areas, while in other areas it can be found in liquid pools, making it more difficult on the mountains, and still, in other areas, it can bend from the copper that is found underwater, washing sandy beaches and rocky shoreline away. Bitumen was put to use for a wide variety of purposes in days gone by, including as a sealant or an adhesive, as a powder, and as a beautiful color and texture in jars, buildings, or even the human skin. This steam supply was helpful for the transportation of wasps and other types of water as well as the mummification process towards the conclusion of the new monarchy in ancient Egypt.

Natural bitumen price

The procedure of processing bitumen was nearly identical everywhere: first, compress the gases, then heat them up until they melt, and finally, add the elements that are necessary to alter the formula to the appropriate consistency. Bitumen can be made more viscous by adding wax or oil components, such as pine resin or beeswax. The addition of minerals, such as ocher, can make the bitumen thicker. Grass and other types of vegetative material can make the natural bitumen more stable. Because of the high price of the fuel that is required, processed bitumen is more of a business than it is anything else. The most well-known use of bitumen about 40,000 years ago was by the genetic Nintendo. In Syracuse in Syria (Romania) and on Nintendo sites such as Hummel and Ul El Del, bitumen was found to lag behind stone tools, perhaps a wooden or elephant handbag for trees with sharp edges. In Mesopotamia, sites such as the Hasinibi Deep in Syria were used during the Uroch and Chalcolithic periods for the construction of bitumen buildings and submarine boats, among other uses.

alternative to bitumen

Although bitumen has been applied in a variety of applications, there must always be an alternative available in order to prevent any malfunctions. The use of bitumen for things like roads and roofing dates all the way back to the time when the pyramids were being built. Bitumen is particularly useful in the construction of roadways. It is used to bind or stick together the surface you are working with, whether it is a roof or road, and once it has cooled down and dried, it has the ability to waterproof and keeps things together. The replacement for bitumen in road pavement can be different depending on the location of the road, its breadth, the projected volume of traffic, and other factors. Alleys and lanes in residential developments can successfully be constructed using gravel or pebble-type roads. In my opinion, it is an option that is overlooked despite having lower costs. In addition, the usage of pavers rather than concrete is not employed nearly enough. It is a more expensive method, but it is a very effective technique to help define pedestrian circulation as well as higher-life more significant zones inside the development... and it can be pretty appealing to the eye. Concrete is the most widely used alternative to bitumen (also known as asphalt) for the construction of hard surface roads. Concrete is a substance that may be hardened by adding cement, aggregate (stone), reinforcing steel, and water. In order to enhance the quality of surface water, porous concrete has been developed. This concrete enables rainwater to be absorbed into the ground beneath it rather than being channeled into bodies of water like lakes and streams. Because it does not have the same level of durability as regular concrete, its use is typically restricted to parking spaces. Plastics have also been utilized, although with a lesser degree of success. Plastic grids filled with soil and planted with grass or other ground coverings produce a "green" road surface that is capable of absorbing water and contributing to the mitigation of the effects of emissions of greenhouse gases. Because excessive use might harm the plants and result in a muddy mess, it is best suited for use that is restricted or temporary when the weather is dry. Wood is another possibility; although it is seldom ever used these days, the decks of many of the earliest bridges were made of wood. In order to lengthen the useful life of the bridge decks, the vast majority of these bridges were subsequently paved with asphalt or concrete. Logs were used in place of bridges when early roadways were built through marshy terrain. These logs were arranged in a manner similar to that of railroad ties or sleepers. When cars drove across the logs, the large surface area of the logs prevented them from sinking into the soft dirt beneath them. This kind of building, which was known as corduroy, was common in regions where there was an abundance of lumber. In addition to this, plain gravel, also known as crushed stone, is typically used in the construction of roads without any type of binder. This material is the second most prevalent option, after plain soil. Gravel roads are relatively uncommon in urban settings, but the world's rural areas are home to millions of kilometers worth of both public and private gravel roads. Even though bare soil roads are rather frequent, it is disputed whether or not they can be considered to be examples of "building." This is because many of these roads are little more than worn paths that follow animal trails rather than roads that were purposely made. In point of fact, the use of cement is not a question of whether it is beneficial or detrimental; rather, it is a matter of time and expense. Blocks made of cement are obviously very durable and can last for many years beyond the lifespan of bituminous roads. However, roadways made of cement blocks are not designed to accommodate the same volume of traffic as asphalt roads. The joints that exist between the blocks make the ride for fast-moving vehicles rather rough. On the other hand, bituminous surfaces are not appropriate for use as footpaths because they are excessively expensive, and when used by vehicles that are either stopped or going very slowly, they get deformed. For this reason, cement blocks, often known as "Paver Blocks," are the material of choice for use in parking lots, bus stops, and truck laybys. When the traffic is going, the bituminous road functions properly because the weight of the vehicles is only exerted on a single location for a brief period of time, rather than for an extended period of time, as would be the case at a bus stop. The design idea of bituminous roads all over the world centers on the application of vehicle weight for a fraction of a second at a time. An entirely new hypothesis is necessitated by the existence of a moving vehicle the size of a bus. Consider the case in which a bus stop lane is constructed using a bituminous road. The bus comes to a complete halt, then restarts its journey. Therefore, the forces caused by braking are greater than those caused by the main road. The surface of the bus lane will become more uneven than the surface of the other lanes sooner than the other lanes, which means that it will require maintenance earlier and more frequently than the other lanes. It is extremely expensive to repair a short length many times within a period of five years because it costs money to mobilize both people and machinery as well as materials. Therefore, it does not make any kind of financial sense to mobilize for the repair of the main road, which will cost crores, rather than mobilizing for the repair of the bus lane, which will cost a few thousand. It is both quicker and more convenient to build a bus stop and a truck layby out of the same material (bitumen road) that is being used to build the primary road or the service road. This is especially true in cities, but it can also be done on highways. Paver blocks and bitumen roadways are used to construct the bus stops and truck laybys that you will see. Paver blocks, on the other hand, will be used for bus stops if a cement concrete road was used to construct the main road or the service road along the highway. This is due to the fact that cement concrete roads are more expensive than paver blocks.

what is vg in bitumen

The term "Viscosity Grade Bitumen" refers to a type of bitumen that is most frequently employed as a "Paving Grade." This type of bitumen is appropriate for usage in road building and in asphalt pavements that produce premier qualities. The manufacturing of hot mix asphalt often calls for the utilization of VG Bitumen. But the measurement of viscosity provides a more precise method of defining binder consistency and a more effective method to determine the softening point of the bitumen. Typically, paving bitumen has been classified in terms of its penetration; however, this method is not as accurate as of the measurement of viscosity. The viscosity grade of bitumen is also referred to as petroleum grade bitumen. It is manufactured from fractional vacuum bottom, which is a byproduct of the distillation of crude oil. The temperature of the bitumen affects its behavior and the appliances that may be used with it. Both the ASTM Standard D3381-09 and the AASHTO M226-80 outline the requirements for this grade of bitumen (2008). The viscosity of VG Bitumen is specified at a temperature of 60 degrees Celsius (140 degrees Fahrenheit). There are two approaches to determining the grade of bitumen. Standard Viscosity Grade Bitumen (AC-Grades) is a grade of bitumen in which the viscosity of the bitumen is measured at a temperature of sixty degrees Celsius (one hundred forty degrees Fahrenheit). And RTFOT Viscosity Grade Bitumen (AR-Grades), in which the viscosity of bitumen is assessed after being subjected to a roll on a thin film oven test at a temperature of sixty degrees Celsius. The thermoplastic property of viscosity grade bitumen leads the substance to become more malleable when exposed to higher temperatures and more rigid when exposed to lower temperatures. When specifying the performance parameters of bitumen, such as its adherence, viscoelasticity, durability, and application temperatures, it is important to take into account the temperature viscosity significance. The ductility of the bitumen is given priority in the Viscosity Grade Bitumen requirements, which is where the majority of the emphasis should be placed.

VG Bitumen applications

VG-10 Instead of the 80/100 penetration bitumen grade, VG-10 is typically utilized for spraying applications including surface dressing and paving in extremely cold areas. Additionally, it is utilized in the production of modified bitumen and bitumen emulsion products. VG-20 Paving with VG-20 is recommended for areas with low temperatures and high elevations. VG-30 This grade of bitumen is utilized in particular for the construction of very heavily loaded bitumen pavements that are required to withstand large traffic loads. It is possible to utilize it as an alternative to the 60/70 penetration bitumen grade. VG-40 Instead of a 30/40 penetration grade, VG-40 is typically utilized in highly pressured situations such as junctions, next to toll gates, and truck parking lots. A higher viscosity allows for the production of stiffer bitumen mixes, which can be used to improve resistance to pushing and other issues that can arise as a result of higher temperatures and increased traffic loads. Advantage of VG Bitumen

1. Despite penetration grades, the same viscosity grade of bitumen produced a similar rutting performance in hot weather.
2. The viscosity grading system was modified so that minimum penetration values were kept in order to keep satisfactory results (in terms of resistance to tension cracking) at the average yearly service temperature of 25 degrees Celsius.
3. Reducing the likelihood for tender mixtures to occur during construction was made easier by using minimum specified levels of dynamic viscosity at 135 degrees Celsius.
4. The maximum permissible temperature susceptibility was determined based on the minimum specified penetration at 25 degrees Celsius and the minimum specified dynamic viscosity at 135 degrees Celsius (deviation of temperature vs stiffness line).
5. Bitumen of the viscosity grade could be used in a wide range of temperatures, including 25 degrees Celsius for raveling and fatigue cracking, 60 degrees Celsius for rutting, and 135 degrees Celsius for building. Due to the fact that viscosity is evaluated at three distinct temperatures (whereas penetration is only tested at 25 degrees Celsius), temperature susceptibility, also known as the change in asphalt binder rheological characteristics with temperature, can be assessed to some extent.
6. Because the viscosity values are determined at two different temperatures, bitumen suppliers are able to supply users with asphalt mixing and compaction temperatures that are reasonable and correct.

natural bitumen lake

Natural bitumen is also known as asphalt, is the material that is used to pave roadways, and some of the most peculiar lakes in the world are filled with asphalt rather than water. These lakes are among the most peculiar in the world. The vast bulk of asphalt that is used in modern construction is produced from petroleum, however, asphalt can also be found in nature in more concentrated forms. At other times, they can seep up through the ground and form vast pools of liquid that are referred to as tar pits or asphalt lakes. Other times, they are found saturated in the sand, such as in the Athabasca oil sands, which are located in the northeastern part of Alberta, Canada, and are the greatest deposit of natural bitumen in the world. It is also possible for asphalt to be produced by underwater volcanoes; however, these eruptions are not very common and were not discovered until 2003. There are only a few huge asphalt lakes that are known to exist across the globe. The Pitch Lake is the name of the one that is the largest of these, and it can be found in southwest Trinidad in the La Brea village. It is estimated that the depth of the lake is 75 meters and that it encompasses approximately 40 hectares. Because the liquid asphalt is so dense and viscous, the surface is stable enough to allow walking on it. However, if you stay on the surface for an excessive amount of time, you will eventually sink into it. Even though it seems like nothing is moving in the lake, the asphalt is actually flowing, as seen by the lines that appear on its surface. While the tar flows, occasionally ancient trees and other objects that had fallen into the lake emerge, then vanish and then reappear again. This pattern continues as the tar advances. The process of subduction, which occurred many thousands of years ago when the Caribbean continental plate was pushed under another plate, was responsible for the formation of the lake. This allowed crude oil from deep underground reserves to rise to the surface, where it accumulated in a volcanic crater. The atmosphere caused lighter elements of the oil to evaporate, leaving the heavy asphalt and a mixture of oil, ball clay, and water. The fault lines were opened as a result of this event. In the year 1595, the lake was found and beginning in 1867, it was exploited for economic purposes. Pitch Lake has reportedly yielded approximately 10 million metric tons of asphalt since it was first mined. There are still approximately 6 million tons of asphalt available. In addition, La Brea Pitch Lake is a popular tourist destination that welcomes approximately 20,000 guests each year. People do, on occasion, go so far as to swim in the pitch lake because they are under the impression that the water has curative qualities. Another well-known asphalt lake can be found in the middle of the city of Los Angeles. In reality, it's a collection of pits known together as the La Brea Tar Pits. Don't let the sound of the name throw you off. The word "Brea" literally translates to "asphalt" in Spanish. Other tar pits can be found in southern California, including the McKittrick Tar Pits in Kern County and the Carpentaria Tar Pits in Santa Barbara County. Both of these locations are in the county of Kern. In another part of the world, you may find the world's second-largest natural tar pit at Lake Bermudez, which is located in Venezuela. Tar pits have also been discovered in the country of Iraq and in the city of Baku in the country of Azerbaijan. Asphalt lakes are objects of curiosity for naturalists and paleontologists as well as geologists and oil barons. This is due to the fact that concealed beneath the sticky, gooey layers are the remains of an incredible amount of prehistoric life. These lakes have, over the course of many thousands of years, been responsible for the demise of a mammoth, a saber-toothed cat, dire wolves, bison, horses, turtles, snails, clams, millipedes, gophers, and hundreds of other species of vertebrates and invertebrates. These animals had probably gone too far in their search for food and ended up getting themselves stuck on the asphalt. The animals that were trapped attracted predators, which then became trapped themselves. The cause of death was either asphyxiation or starvation. It is a horrible way to perish, yet it is an excellent method for the preservation of fossils. As much as ninety percent of the fossils that have been excavated from tar pits have been found to belong to various types of dangerous animals. The dire wolf, also known as Rancho La Brea, has been found to be the most prevalent large mammal in the La Brea pits, with over 4,000 specimens. This is followed by saber-toothed cats, which have been found with over 2,000 individuals. The coyote comes in third. Even the majority of the fossilized birds are predators or scavengers, such as vultures, condors, eagles, and enormous stork-like birds that went extinct millions of years ago and are now known as Teratorns. Tar pits have preserved not just prehistoric creatures but also prehistoric wood and vegetation as well. The skeleton of a woman who lived roughly 10,000 years ago was the most astonishing discovery, though. In addition to the skeleton, there were also the bones of a dog that had been kept as a pet. The researchers think that the death may have been some sort of ritual or a sacrifice, similar to the kinds of sacrifices that are conducted in peat bogs. At first, it was assumed that the bones that were retrieved from the excavations belonged to people who had died recently. The scientific world didn't start taking note of the tar pits until 1901 when a geologist went there and discovered bones that belonged to a wide variety of extinct animals. Since then, they've been increasingly popular. Between the years 1905 and 1913, amateur fossil hunters removed millions of bones from the pits before the landowner, George Alan Hancock, put a stop to it out of worry that the fossils would be lost forever. The Los Angeles Natural History Museum was then given the exclusive rights to unearth the fossils; however, these rights were only provided for a period of two years. In the years between 1913 and 1915, the museum amassed a collection of around one million bones. After some time, Hancock gave the pits to the county with the stipulation that they are kept in good condition and shown in an appropriate manner. The adjacent George Alan Hancock Museum currently has some of the fossil specimens on exhibit in their collection.

R-value of modified bitumen roof

Consider installing a modified bitumen roof system on your commercial or residential property if you want a roofing material that will last for a long time. When selecting an appropriate roofing material, it is necessary to pay attention to a number of parameters, including the R-value. In addition to being an excellent option for buildings with flat or low-sloped roofs, modified bitumen roofs offer the same level of protection as built-up roofs. This makes them a very versatile roofing material. Traditionally, these products were either applied with a torch, a mop using hot asphalt (only for SBS), or adhesives based on a solvent. Reinforcements of polyester and/or glass fiber are utilized in the production of polymer-modified bitumen sheets. The majority of companies that produce modified bitumen create material with reinforcements that are filled, saturated, or coated with very fine minerals like sand, mica, or talc. These minerals are typically used in the manufacturing process. Each and every one of the polymer-modified bitumen-coated sheets has been factory-coated with modified bitumen on either one or both sides. Minerals of very tiny particle size, such as talc, mica, or sand, are used to coat either one or both sides of the sheets. Sheets of polymer-modified bitumen can be manufactured in a range of weights and with a number of different reinforcements to choose from. In multiple-ply modified bitumen membranes, several sheets with smooth surfaces are utilized various roles, including foundation sheets, interplay sheets, and top ply sheets. Sheets with a granule surface and sheets made of metal foil lamination are typically used for capping and flashing respectively. This durable commercial roofing system is made possible by the co-polymer roofing membranes that are used in modified bitumen roofs. These membranes allow the roof to survive both high and low temperatures. Because it is a roofing system that requires little maintenance, even the most fundamental care, and upkeep are all that is required to keep the roof in the best possible operational condition. Additionally adaptable, a roofing system made of modified bitumen can have additional polymer sheets applied to it in order to improve both its elemental and physical durability. Because of its potential for energy efficiency, flexibility, and resistance to the effects of the weather, a modified bitumen roof system is without a doubt the ideal roofing system for use on commercial buildings. A modified bitumen roof has the potential to become the most valuable and long-lasting component of your structure provided it is built and maintained correctly.

Modified bitumen roof system advantages

Tear-resistant The ideal option for low-slope roofs that see a high volume of foot activity, like those found on rooftop cafes, is a modified bitumen roofing system that features fiberglass and polyester reinforcement layers. Flexible Modified bitumen roofs contain flexible roofing materials, which allows them to tolerate changes in temperature, short-term stress, or shock, and expand and contract without losing their shape. Modified bitumen roofs also have a longer lifespan than other types of roofs. Waterproof Roofs that are built of modified bitumen are able to withstand water because they are constructed with multiple layers of fiberglass that have been combined with polyester. Energy-efficient Solar reflectance, or the ability to deflect the sun's rays, and thermal emission are two examples of "cool roof" properties that can be incorporated into the top layer of the roof to release absorbed heat. This may lessen the amount of cooling that is required for your building, which will contribute to decreased energy usage. Simple in both Repair and Maintenance In the event that the roof is ripped or damaged, bitumen patches can be utilized to make repairs that are both speedy and effective. Seals and flashing on low-slope roofs are typically more likely to be damaged than those on steeper roofs; nonetheless, it is simple to avoid damage to these components by having a professional perform installation and by performing routine maintenance.

is bitumen a natural polymer

In order to find out whether bitumen is considered as a polymer, it’s essential to know its characteristics. Bitumen is a compound that is almost involatile, sticky, and waterproofing. It is generated from crude oil or is present in non-natural asphalt. Bitumen is totally or nearly completely soluble in toluene, and it is very viscous or nearly solid at temperatures that are typical in the environment. It is common knowledge that the original properties of bitumen are heavily influenced by the technique by which it was produced and processed, in addition to the features of the bitumen crude oil itself. Good crude oils and adequate distillation techniques can enhance bitumen characteristics. The heavier the crude oil, the greater the amount of bitumen that can be extracted from it. Because of this, it is of the utmost importance to have a comprehensive understanding of the features of bitumen from a variety of perspectives. This knowledge proves to be even more important when, for some bitumen applications, some difficulties such as inconsistency in phase, mal-dispersion, and instability with polymers or additives make it difficult to produce and apply bituminous materials. These difficulties can be avoided by understanding how bituminous materials behave. Bitumen is specified as a viscous viscoelastic liquid at room temperature that is composed primarily of hydrocarbons and their derivatives, is completely soluble in toluene, is substantially non-volatile, and gradually softens when heated. This is the chemical definition of bitumen. It is made up of a huge number of different molecular species that range widely in terms of both their polarity and their molecular weight. The elemental analysis reveals that the composition of bitumen is mostly dictated by the crude oil source, and it is challenging to provide a geographical generalization that is distinct to any one area (many suppliers also mix bitumen from different sources as well). This has been demonstrated by extensive research conducted by SHRP (Strategic Highway Research: Special Report). According to this article, the primary components of bitumen are carbon, which can make up anywhere from 80 to 88 percent of the substance, and hydrogen, which can make up anywhere from 8 to 11 percent of the substance. In addition, heteroatoms and transition metal atoms (primarily vanadium and nickel) are typically present in sulfur at concentrations ranging from 0 to 9 weight percent, nitrogen at concentrations ranging from 0 to 2 weight percent, oxygen at concentrations ranging from 0 to 2 percent, vanadium at concentrations ranging from 0 to 2000 parts per million, and nickel at concentrations ranging from 0 to 200 parts per million. Ketones, phenols, carboxylic acids, pyrrolic and pyridinic compounds, sulphides, thiols and sulfoxides, pyrrolic and pyridinic compounds, and pyrrolic and pyridinic compounds are the primary compounds of the polar heteroatoms listed above. The majority of metals also form complexes, such as metalloporphyrins. Analysis of the molecular weight distribution suggests that bitumen is a complicated mixture of between 300 to 2000 chemical compounds, with a value in the middle of 500–700. This makes it very challenging to completely characterize the chemical composition of bitumen. For this reason, bitumen is typically fractionated by the use of more straightforward techniques, which enable the identification of two primary constituents: asphaltites and maltenes that is also called petrolenes. The next step is to categorize the maltenes as saturated, aromatic, or resin. This fraction of bitumen, which also includes asphaltenes, is referred to as the SARA fraction (which stands for saturated, aromatic, resin, and asphaltenes). It is possible to relate the chemical composition of bitumen to both its internal structure and aspects of its macroscopic features because of the relatively high abundance of the SARA components. However, it is important to highlight that variations in the experimental circumstances, particularly the composition of the eluent, have a considerable impact on the proportion of each bitumen fraction. Even though the varied chemical compositions of bitumen have specific characteristics and general attributes that are mostly unaltered, it is crucial to specify the conditions of the experimental setup in order to make accurate comparisons between the different types of bitumen. Polymers are a type of macromolecule that is formed through the chemical reaction of monomers, which are smaller molecules, to produce lengthy chains. The chemical structure of the monomers and the order in which they are arranged inside the polymer both have a role in determining the properties that are shown by the polymer that is produced. The term "copolymer" refers to a compound that is produced by combining two or more distinct monomers in either a block or random pattern. Elastomers and plastomers are the two forms of polymers that are utilized the most frequently. Polymers include a wide variety of modifiers. The mechanical mixing or chemical interactions of bitumen and one or more polymers in a percentage typically ranging from three percent to ten percent, relative to the weight of bitumen, produce polymer-modified bitumen (PMBs). These PMBs are also known as polymer-modified asphalt. Because there are no chemical reactions taking place between the two participants in the system, the mixtures that result from the first scenario are said to be simple. In this instance, the polymer in question is being treated as a filler that contributes particular attributes to the combination. Because of the presence of chemical reactions or some other type of interaction between the two partners in the system, the mixtures that result from the second scenario are said to be complex. Modified bitumen is characterized as a two-phase system: bituminous, prevalently as an asphaltic matrix, and the polymeric matrix. This system has been investigated from two different points of view: (1) the complex interaction mechanism between bitumen and additive and (2) the influence of different types of bitumen modifiers in order to study the rheological performance characteristics, temperature sensitivity, morphology, thermal behavior, storage stability, and aging of the resultant material. The modification of the polymer leads to a system that is thermodynamically unstable but kinetically stable, according to Polacco et al. Polymer modification results in a situation in which the polymer is partially swollen by the light bitumen components (maltenes) and can swell up to nine times its initial volume. Polymers have a tendency to promote the micelles aggregation of the asphaltenes or to raise their degree of association, depending on the composition of the original bitumen. This is because polymers are competing for the bitumen's lighter fractions. At high temperatures, a micro-heterogeneous polymer-modified bitumen that has been melted has a relatively low viscosity, which permits substances that have a similar structure and polarity to form their domains. These substances are the swelling polymers and the asphaltites. The thermodynamic instability of this system, on the other hand, causes a phase separation (also known as sedimentation) when it is subjected to the effects of a gravitational field. Consequently, during the process of static hot storage, linked asphaltites micelles have the potential to sink to the bottom of the blend. According to this mechanism, the amount of phase separation that occurs in polymer-modified binders can be affected by the circumstances of storage, such as temperature and the amount of time that has passed. According to the findings of Lu et al., the phase separation will be primarily controlled by the features of the base bitumen as well as the properties and concentration of the polymer. To date, numerous additives and polymers of varying sorts have been utilized in the process of bitumen modification.

is bitumen a natural or synthetic polymer

To understand the nature of bitumen polymer, it is necessary to know what exactly a polymer is and what the difference is between natural and synthetic polymers. A polymer is a substance made up of large molecules made up of small repeating units called monomers or monomers. Natural polymers Natural polymers obtained from nature (plant and animal sources) are called natural polymers. These are essential for human life and include starch, cellulose, proteins, and nucleic acids. Natural polymers such as cellulose (cotton, linen, paper, wood, etc.), proteins (wool, silk, leather, etc.), and polysilicates are divided.

Types and uses of natural polymers

Starch is a polymer derived from glucose and is used for food preservation in plants. Cellulose is a polymer of glucose and is the main constituent of plants. Both starch and cellulose are the results of plant nutrition through photosynthesis. Proteins are polymers made up of amino acids that typically contain a chain of 20 to 1000 amino acids combined in a complex organization. This compound is actually the cornerstone of the animal body and makes up the bulk of our food from. Nucleic acids are polymers derived from nucleotides. For example, DNA and RNA are examples of nucleotides. It should be noted that polymers such as polysaccharides (starch and cellulose), proteins, and nucleic acids that control various processes in our body and animals are also called biopolymers = biopolymers = biopolymers. Synthetic polymers Artificial synthetic polymers which constitute the vast majority of polymeric materials (plastic, rubber, adhesives, paints, foams, composites) Recycled polymers are of natural origin and some agents are replaced on them, such as cellulose nitrate, fibers Plastic: Plastics are synthetic materials composed of large, heavy molecules and can be shaped under pressure and heat. Another feature of plastic is that, unlike rubber, it resists force. Tire: A tire is heavily deformed in light of the low force and increases in length by at least 300% of its length at room temperature and returns to its original position when the load is unloaded. Composite: Composites are composite materials from two completely different manufacturers in terms of mechanical properties, as well as composites with high weight percentages that ultimately enhance and enhance product properties. The purpose of composite manufacturing is to strengthen the weak phase (such as polyester) and convert it into a strong composite material (such as glass fiber) using mechanical reinforcement (glass fiber). Color: Paints are coating materials that have the role of decorating and protecting the surface of the piece. Adhesive: Any mineral or fine material that can bond other materials across their surface is called an adhesive. Foam: Foams are solid materials that expand under the effect of gas and contain a large number of cells of the same shape and size. Polymer foam is classified into various forms, one of the most important of which is based on the glass transition temperature:

• Soft and flexible foam
• Hard foam
• Self-healing coatings

Additives Polymer additives are materials used to correct the properties of polymer products. These materials include: Emollients: Emollients are additives that increase the flexibility of the material to which it is added. In addition to the polymer industry, these materials are also used in concrete and cement. Plastic plasticizers are generally phthalates, which increase the flexibility and durability of the plastic. The function of these materials is that placing them between the molecules of the polymer materials increases the voids and decreases the crystalline melting temperature and, consequently, the polymer becomes softer. Stabilizers Pigments: Pigments are materials used to color and color a polymer and include organic and inorganic pigments. Fillers: Organic or inorganic materials are neutral and are mainly used to reduce prices and improve physical properties. Antistatic (static antistatic agent) Antioxidants (antioxidants) Anti-UV (light stabilizer) In fact, bitumen is not a polymer but it needs to be modified by different polymers in order to enhance its properties. It has now been proven that ordinary bitumen no longer meets the needs of our roads and does not have good exposure, and a binder with superior properties should be used. This increases the time intervals between covers. To solve the above problems, polymer-modified bitumen has been prepared, especially those with an elastomeric thermoplastic resin, such as SBS. Several European countries have been thinking for years about using polymer-modified asphalt to meet their traffic needs. Of course, the specific type of polymer used varies from country to country, but elastomeric thermoplastic resins make up the vast majority of bitumen modifiers, which is particularly evident in Europe. Statistics show that modified bitumen has been used successfully for road applications for over 25 years and has been used in most of the world for road applications to cover road surfaces.

types of natural bitumen

Bitumen is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon material found in natural mines. Different types of bitumen are used in different industries such as road construction. Bitumen is usually characterized by properties such as high adhesion and high concentrations of nitrogen and oxygen Bitumen is formed by the deposition of minerals after millions of years. This substance is formed as a result of the penetration of crude oil into the surface layer of the earth; this is because underground pressures mean that crude oil is always looking for a way out of deep-sea fields. As a result, most bitumen deposits are found in areas where the rock's rock layers are porous. Bitumen is formed due to temperature and environmental changes over time, and it is obvious that environmental conditions play a role in the formation of different species of this material. Natural bitumen can be divided into two categories based on chemical properties: probitoman bitumen and asphalt. But technological advances have allowed us to make changes in the properties of bitumen. It is worth remembering that the price of natural bitumen in the mine is lower than the price of engineered bitumen. The types of natural bitumen used in different sectors are as follows:

1. Blown bitumen

The blown bitumen is produced in the final refining phase by blowing hot air into pure natural bitumen. In this process, the hydrogen atoms in the bitumen are combined with the oxygen in the air and the polymerization takes place. Blown bitumen has a low penetration rate and a high softening point compared to pure natural bitumen and is used in the manufacture of roofing sheets and car batteries.

2. Mixed bitumen

Mixed bitumen is a term used for a combination of natural bitumen and a suitable liquid (such as petroleum or gasoline). Mixed bitumen is often used in asphalt.

3. Bituminous emulsion

This substance is made from a combination of bitumen, water, and emulsion materials (such as alkaline salt or ammonium salt). The use of this bitumen reduces environmental pollution and reduces the possibility of flares during transport due to the lack of use of flammable solvents. The most common uses of bitumen as a binder are in asphalt. In addition, various factories use this material in the manufacture of paints, inks, and in molding processes. The high viscosity of bitumen has made it very economical to use this material for the insulation of liquid wells, tunnels, and oil pipelines. On the other hand, the antimicrobial properties of natural bitumen make cosmetics manufacturers use different types to manufacture their products. Bitumen dust is also used in printing units.

bitumen facts

Bitumen is a hydrocarbon that can range in color from dark brown to black. In the following passage we are going through some of this natural substance’s facts and information. At room temperature, bitumen has a solid-state. However, when the temperature continues to rise, it first transforms into a paste and then into a liquid. Bitumen is an extremely useful material because it possesses two crucial features, namely waterproofing and adhesion, which account for its widespread application.

Typical bitumen characteristics

The following is a list of the general characteristics of bitumen:

• Resistance to the passage of water and moisture
• Insulation for electrical systems
• Elasticity
• Moderate resistance to the effects of salts, acids, and bases
• Adherence to the surfaces of other materials
• The most important disadvantages of using black stickers
• The higher the temperature, the more their physical and mechanical qualities alter, and as a result, they become more pliable and silky.
• When exposed to high temperatures, it begins to decompose, burns, turns into charcoal, and loses its sticky capabilities
• They become deformed when subjected to intense pressure.
• Able to be dissolved in mineral oils as well as some other solvents like sulfur
• They lose their ability to adhere to settings that are both humid and filthy.

As a result of these qualities, several kinds of bitumen are utilized extensively in the building and construction industry. One of these characteristics is the propensity to stick to hard surfaces and to permeate moisture and water into the spaces between those surfaces. This adhesion is going to be determined by the overall appearance of the body as well as the state of the bitumen. The effect of adhesion is necessary for the bituminous substance to be able to stick to the surface of the body. As was said previously, the absence of this adhesion is caused by the presence of moisture on the surface of the body.

Bitumen tests

1- Penetration The degree of penetration testing is used to determine the hardness of bitumen. In this experiment, a standard needle penetrates the bitumen at a temperature of 25 degrees for 5 seconds under the influence of a load of 100 g. The amount of penetration in tenths of a millimeter is called the degree of penetration. The lower the degree of penetration, the harder the bitumen will be. 2- Viscosity The slower the bitumen, the firmer its properties. Clearly, at higher temperatures it is less psychologically slow. This bitumen characteristic is measured using a violet C-bolt unit or kinematic. 3- Ignition value The degree of ignition is the temperature at which, if the bitumen reaches this temperature, the gases emitted by it as the flame approaches ignite and a flame forms on its surface. The maximum temperature at which bitumen can be heated in the workshop is limited to the degree of ignition. 4- Weight loss The weight loss of bitumen at high temperatures is due to the evaporation of some of its oils and petroleum compounds. This property is also one of the important properties of bitumen. The weight loss of bitumen in the kiln is measured at 163 ° C for 5 hours (approximate curing conditions for the asphalt). 5- Ductility or angiogenesis If we draw a bitumen sample with a cross-sectional area of ​​1 cm2 at a speed of 5 cm /min, the amount of increase in the length of the sample is torn off before the angiogenic property of the bitumen. 6- Purity We know that the bitumen solvent is tetrachloride, carbon, and carbon-sulfur. Therefore, if we dissolve a sample of bitumen in one of these materials, its impurities remain, and from there we can determine the degree of purity of bitumen. The degree of purity is: (weight of bitumen sample) ÷ [(weight of impurity) - (weight of bitumen)] 7- Softness The degree of softness is when the bitumen reaches that temperature, the bitumen changes from solid to liquid. The higher the degree of softness, the less sensitive it is to temperature changes. The degree of softness of ordinary bitumen is between 60 and 70.

Bitumen applications

In today's industrialized world, bitumen is very common and in general, when bitumen is used, the required quality is controlled. This control is performed by laboratory methods based on application and operation. The quality of adhesion and moisture permeability along with the economical price of bitumen is used as the main materials for roof protection have bitumen with special qualities. One of the main uses of bitumen in construction can be used for the construction of bituminous asphalt. These include insulating joints, adhesives, acoustic coatings, paints, floor coverings, multilayer fiber panels, and types of mastic. In most cases, it can be added. The addition of minerals to the bitumen has improved its properties. Construction work: roads, airports, sports fields, building foundations, building insulation, etc. Hydraulic fields: canals, bridges, water tanks, etc. Industrial applications: metal protective coating, paint, sealing, battery manufacturing, tire manufacturing, shoe manufacturing, underground gas pipe coating, etc. Agriculture: conservation of moisture, early maturation of the plant, prevention of tuberculosis and creation of artificial forests, soil erosion, quicksand, etc. Electricity: Asphalt strips, filling of electrical connections, covering of cables, insulation, etc.

natural bitumen bed

Natural bitumen is used in various fields and industries but the main application is in road construction. To prepare the most efficient road pavement and a strong road bed and basis. The construction of bituminous roads consists of various stages, such as the preparation of the basic course, the application of the bituminous coating, the setting of the bituminous mixture, rolling, and the quality control of these stages. Bituminous steps for road construction

1. Prepare the current core course

The existing surface is prepared by removing holes or any rust. Irregularities are filled with mixing chips at least a week before laying the surface layer. If the existing coating is too thin, a bituminous leveling process of adequate thickness is envisaged for laying a surface layer of bituminous concrete over an adhesion layer rather than applying it directly to the WBM.

2. Tuck up your coat

It is recommended to apply an AC layer on top of an undercoat or an adhesive layer. An adhesive layer of bitumen with a concentration of 6.0 to 7.5 kg per 10 sq. m / m 2 is applied, this amount can be increased from 7.5 to 10 kg for a non-bituminous base.

3. Prepare and pre-mix

The ready-made preparation is produced in a hot mixing plant of the required capacity with the required quality control. The bitumen can be heated to 150 - 177 ° C and the total temperature must not deviate from the binder temperature by more than 14 ° C. The hot mixed material is collected from the mix by means of conveyor belts, then conveyed to the construction site and dispersed by mechanical paving. At a temperature between 121 and 163 ° C. Camber and layer thickness are carefully controlled. Temperature control during mixing and pressing is of great importance for the strength of the resulting coating structure.

4. Roll

The mixture, having been spread on the support, is well pressed and rolled at a speed not exceeding 5 kilometers per hour. Initial rolling or deterioration is performed from 8 to 12 tons of drum, intermediate rolling is performed using a pneumatic roller with fixed wheels of 15 to 30 tons with a tire pressure of 7 kg each. Square meter / cm. Roller wheels are kept moist with water. The number of required passes depends on the thickness of the layer. In the hot season the next day, this was not enough to increase the intensity of the initial roll. Final lamination or finishing is done by an 8 to 10 ton tandem drum.

5. Quality control of bituminous constructions

Routine checks are carried out on-site to ensure the quality of the resulting paint mixture and the paint surface. Periodic checks are carried out on a) unit sorting b) quality of the bitumen c) temperature of the aggregated) the temperature of the coating mixture during mixing and compaction. At least one sample per 100 tons of vacuum mix is ​​collected by the hot mixer and tested according to the above requirements. Marshall Tests are also performed. For every 100 m² / m² of compacted surface, a field density test is performed to check if it is at least 95% of the density obtained in the laboratory. The difference in the permissible thickness is 6 mm each. The construction length is 4.5 meters.

6. Surface finish

The AC surface should be checked with a 3.0m straight edge. Longitudinal waves should not exceed 8.0mm and the number of waves greater than 6.0mm should not exceed 10 with a length of 300m and the size of transverse waves should not exceed 4.0mm.

what is natural bitumen

Natural bitumen is a hydrocarbon resin that is formed by the conversion of crude oil over time and the evaporation of its volatiles in the long run in nature. It’s found in underground mines and lakes. In addition to bitumen, this material is also known by various other names such as Gilsonite, Uintaite, Asphalt, Asphaltite, Natural asphalt, etc. Bitumen is a versatile material that has various uses. Form construction and road construction and maintenance, to more delicate industries such as in cosmetics and pharmacy. There are several sorts based on the nature and qualities of the products utilized in various industries. Natural bitumen, like natural asphalt, is soluble in some materials, such as aliphatic and aromatic, and it is used to thicken and, in other words, harden oil derivatives in a dilute form due to its compatibility.

Properties of Bitumen

• It is pure and possesses fixed qualities
• Its molecular weight is high
• Its solubility is high, and it allows organic solutions to dissolve easily
• It contains a significant amount of nitrogen

Where are the Reserves of Bitumen Mines? Canada, Venezuela, Australia, and Iran are also among the countries that have bitumen mines in the world.

Bitumen uses

1. Application in the insulation business Bitumen is employed not only in the foundry and insulation industries, but also in painting, drilling oil wells, and the production of specialty asphalt under the conditions in which it is processed. Other applications include:

2. The preparation of asphalt for use in the construction of roads and the creation of an insulating surface that is waterproof It is also utilized in the construction of buildings and in the production of waterproof coatings.

3. The preparation and construction of oil and gas pipes In order to prevent damage and corrosion in oil and gas pipes, a layer of insulating material is placed on their surface. This material, which in most cases consists of a combination of natural bitumen and petroleum bitumen, is placed there in order to prevent damage and corrosion.

4. As a component in the manufacturing of coke and as a fuel for furnaces: Because of the unique qualities possessed by this substance, it is frequently utilized as a component in the production of coke and also as a fuel for furnaces.

5. Bitumen is used in drilling cement because there are some circumstances in which low and specific weight drilling cement is required; in these scenarios, bitumen is used in drilling cement.

6. The combination of natural bitumen and petroleum bitumen is one of the steps involved in the production of industrial bitumen. This step causes some of the thermal advantages that are present in petroleum bitumen to be greatly reduced, which in turn causes its viscosity to increase. The materials that are produced as a result of this process are referred to as industrial bitumen.

Since this natural substance owns numerous applications, the natural bitumen market is growing day by day. In order to be part of this growing business, you just need to contact us for any further information. We are here to assist you with our professional team of sales executives to answer all your questions and guarantee a safe and smart purchase.