What are particles? Iron ore pellets, like concentrates, are the raw material for ironmaking, which is pulverized and ground by the method of pelletizing and pelletized in the 0-to-100-micron range for supply to industry as pellet feed. In the direct reduction process for iron production, green and hardened green pellets are used. Raw materials for the manufacture and production of bell jars Lump feed in industry consists of iron ore with a particle size of less than 10 mm (6 mm) and is used in blast furnaces and direct reduction units. 
These materials are added to the initial load of the pelletizer in the blast furnace and can also be added to the initial load of the pellet after pulverization using the direct regeneration method. Bulk feeds are more suitable for pelleting than pelleted feeds in several ways, which we discuss below. Bulk feed is easier to transport than pelleted feed. The relative losses of lump feeds during transportation are small. Block feeds do not require special transport equipment. Produce pellets or pellets iron stone The main raw material for making pellets is iron ore, which is used as concentrate. Concentrate is the product of refining iron and removing impurities from iron ore, which occurs through crushing and softening. In granulation, the crushing of the concentrate is usually insufficient and should be softened again, and the particle size should reach less than 45 microns (325 mesh). Since the humidity generated during the manufacturing process is around 10%, the concentrate has to be dried, for this, dry iron ore fines are mixed with it so that the raw material has the characteristics and quality required during use. blast furnace or direct regeneration. 
Additives for making granules Additives added to the main material to make iron shot include the following. The added material, for example, acts as a binding and physical bond, altering and affecting the physical and mechanical properties of the raw and cooked particles. Materials that increase pellet porosity and lead to improved metallurgical properties and pellet regeneration. A slag-producing material, such as lime, reacts with the iron ore material in the self-casting pellets and produces a slag. A special material that makes iron ore particles strong by forming chemical bonds between them. In general, additives cause the following changes in green particles. Increase the strength of raw material pellets They can easily convert chemical bonds into ceramic bonds. They make the granulation operation easy. They solve the problems caused by drying of the granules. In the following, we explain the additives in the production of iron pellets. What is Bentonite? Bentonite is made of a variety of clay minerals with high plasticity (including montmorillonite, alloline, etc.), and is the best binder for pellet particles. In bentonite minerals, an octahedral alumina layer is placed between two tetrahedral silica layers, wherein the bonding between the two silica layers where silicon is tetravalent is established by a trivalent aluminum layer, in this layer, one valence is less than two valences. 
There are two floors. This low capacity causes the middle layer to absorb cations such as sodium, potassium and calcium, and when water is added to the mineral, water molecules surround the cations and increase the distance between the two silica layers and increase the volume to a level that will follow At a temperature of 1200-1400 degrees Celsius, the time and process of the reaction of bentonite with iron oxide to form slag occurs during the pellet firing process (the content of bentonite in the pellet is about 0. 5-1%). When these compounds are melted at high temperatures, the bentonite forms a thin film around the particles and creates a ceramic bond that increases the mechanical strength of the particles. What is the role of organics in making particles? The role of organic materials in making iron pellets is to create chemical bonds between the particles. These materials are not as strong as bentonite at adhering and evenly distributing moisture, but during cooking it breaks down and leaves the pellet as a gas, leaving nothing behind in the pellet. The organic matter released by the particles in the form of gas increases the porosity of the particles and affects the regeneration quality of the particles. 
Organics have no effect on the compounds, whose types include starch, molasses, etc. Application of milk of lime or calcium hydroxide Milk of lime, also known as calcium hydroxide, consists of a mixture of calcined limestone and artificial lime with water. This substance can hold iron particles together and has a cohesive property. This material is more suitable for the bonding of self-adhesive particles and is not recommended for acidic particles. If there is enough lime in the granules (about 5%) it will make it stronger, but if this amount is too much it will backfire and reduce the mechanical resistance of the granules due to the formation of a glassy phase. lime is usually present in the granules and increases the kinematic index of the granules. Lime with a size of about 0.1 to 3 mm in normal state causes a loss of particle strength, for this purpose it is used in calcined form with a size below 0.5 mm. Lime, such as slaked lime, if the particle contains more than 5%, will result in a lack of mechanical resistance of the particle, so the dosage of these materials should be complied with. 
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