There are different varieties of peanuts in the middle east that are cultivated in several places in the region. India produces 6.3 million tons of peanuts per year or 21% of the world's production. It is the second-largest producer of peanuts in the world. The crop is cultivated in two cycles in regions of India that experience hot and subtropical weather, including Orissa, Karnataka, Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu. Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh generate 24% and 28%, respectively, of India's peanut production, compared to Karnataka and Tamil Nadu's 15%. As a result, a variety of nuts, including red nata, Spanish, and bold, are produced. The majority of India's nut exports go through Pakistan, Malaysia, and Indonesia before they reach the rest of the globe. With 4% of the global crop, Indonesia is one of the top Asian producers of peanuts. Frequently, peanuts are used to make peanut oil, which is then sold to other nations. As a key agricultural commodity in China, oilseed is a crucial raw resource for consumable vegetable oil and protein-based animal feed. However, the gap between oilseed output and demand has expanded, resulting in increased imports and reliance on foreign sources. China has remained the world's top importer of edible vegetable oil, and the country's percentage of self-sufficiency is less than 40%. (National Development and Reform Commission 2017). Oilseeds are utilized in the edible oil refining industry, which is one of the most important agricultural businesses. The gap exists between the expansion of the oilseed area and production. 
Therefore, China’s oil production capacity urgently has to be significantly expanded to maintain a certain degree of self-sufficiency. Peanuts have the highest potential for production and growth among all oilseed types. On the one hand, there is an opportunity for improvement in peanut oil content. Currently, the oil content of extensively marketed peanut varieties in China may reach 50%, which is normally 7% greater than that of rapeseed, and there is also a batch of developed types that have oil concentrations that are up to 55% higher than the average. (National Development and Reform Commission 2017). On the other hand, peanut output has demonstrated a stable increasing tendency overall. China has become the largest peanut grower in the world. In 2018, China's peanut planting area surpassed 50 million hectares, with a yield of 17 million tons, accounting for over 40% of the world's total peanut yield and comprising roughly 50% of all oil crops in China (except soybeans). The production value of the peanut farming business reached 17,86 billion US dollars, placing it fourth among the nation's crops (after rice, wheat, and corn) (National Bureau of Statistics 2019). China is under growing pressure to enhance peanut production performance in light of shrinking agricultural land, decreased marginal returns of inputs, and the impact on the ecological environment (Jalilov et al. 2019). To address this issue, the ten largest peanut-producing regions in China from 2009 to 2018 served as the research object for this study. 
China's peanut production was evaluated using a three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique and the Malmquist index to determine its efficiency, productivity, and important variables. In industrial engineering and business, data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a nonparametric technique for determining productivity bounds. It is used to quantify the technical capability of the empirical evidence of the judgment unit. As a consequence, a scalar evaluation of the efficacy of each participant unit is provided, as well as methods for quantitatively assigning weights for the various outputs and diverse inputs that constitute such systems using statistical data. Arachis hypogaea L., the domesticated peanut, is grown in tropical and warm temperate climates. South American (Bolivia and nearby countries). During European colonization in the 16th century, Native Americans grew this crop. It spread to the Pacific Islands, Europe, Africa, and Asia. The southeastern portion of the contemporary United States was initially exposed to peanuts during colonial times. Before 1870, most peanuts were grown in gardens. Up until around 1930, peanuts were a common agricultural product utilized as hog feed. Peanuts, an oil and food commodity, are grown on 42 million acres globally. It's the third-most-important oilseed after soy and cotton (FAO Food Outlook, 1990). India, China, and the U.S. have been the world's primary producers for over 25 years. Peanuts were ninth in acreage and second in price per acre in the US in 1982. The US produced 1.8 million tons of peanuts in 1989–1990, or 8% of the world's 23.2 million tons (FAO Food Outlook, 1990). 
Georgia, Texas, Alabama, and North Carolina cultivated 80% of the 1,375,000 peanut-growing acres in 1983. Virginia, Oklahoma, Florida, South Carolina, and New Mexico also had over 10,000 peanut acres. Four US peanut types descend from two subspecies. Virginia and Runner are A. hypogaea varieties. Two economically important botanical differences make up the second subspecies of A. hypogaea: fastigiate and Vulgaris. Virginia peanuts have the biggest pods and longest elongated seeds. Valencian seeds are smaller and oval than Spanish seeds. Other kinds are cultivated in the Southeast and Texas. Virginia and Spanish species account for 20% and 10% of the U.S. edible commerce, respectively. Valencia peanuts comprise about 1% of the US market (Knauft and Gorbet, 1989). Peanuts have always been farmed in temperate northern latitudes. Inappropriate cultivars and production methods caused low yields and poor nuts. In Minnesota and Wisconsin, peanuts might replace soy, maize, potatoes, and field beans (Robinson, 1984, Pendleton, 1977). Complete peanut plants may be used. Peanuts, which are produced for human use, can be used as whole seeds or processed into peanut butter and oil. The seed has 42-52% oil and 25-32% protein (average 25% digestible). Peanuts contain as much energy as two pounds of meat, half a pound of Cheddar cheese, nine quarts of milk, or 36 medium-sized eggs (Woodroof, 1983). 
In the U.S., peanuts are consumed as roasted seeds or peanut butter, not as oil. The U.S. consumes 4 million pounds of peanuts every day. Two-thirds of U.S.-grown peanuts are used to manufacture peanut butter. Next are salted and shelled peanuts, candy, and roasted in-shell peanuts. One-third of yearly production goes to exports, seed, animal feed, and oil. Virginia (candy or cocktail) and Runner (beer) nuts are offered in- and out-of-shell. Valencia variants produce medium-sized shelled nuts, whereas Spanish variations generate redskins. All peanut types are utilized to manufacture various goods that don't require specific seed sizes. Soaps, medicines, cosmetics, and lubricants are made from peanuts. Vine leaves provide a high-protein diet for horses and other herbivores. Pods can be used to manufacture particle boards, compost, fireplace "logs," animal feed, and fertilizer. Peanut is an annual herbaceous legume. Atypical blossoming or bee activity causes 1-6% natural cross-pollination. (2009) The subterranean fruit, a peg, is a pod containing one to five seeds. Peanut emergence lies between the hypogeal (cotyledons remain below ground) and epigeal (hypocotyl elongates and cotyledons emerge above the earth) forms. Hypocotyls stop growing before cotyledons. Each leaf contains four alternating leaflets (two pairs of leaflets per leaf). 
Peanut plants grow between 6 and 24 inches tall and have a well-developed taproot with lateral roots and nodules. Early in growth, plants have three main stems, including two that sprout from cotyledonary axillary buds. Inflorescences with male and female reproductive organs develop in leaf axils. Lower nodes often produce more blooms. Peak flowering occurs six to ten weeks after planting, after the first flowering. After pollination, aerial pegs grow 2 to 3 inches into the earth before maturing into peanut pods. After two to three weeks in the soil, pods reach their maximum size, and oil and protein levels peak after six to seven weeks. The peanut harvest is ready after 7 to 9 weeks in the soil when the pods have darker veining and brown markings. Peanuts mature for about 100 to 150 days, depending on the kind seeded. Because blossoming is slow, pods are gathered at various periods. During harvest, 25% of the loose pods that result from peg breakdown are lost. Farm yields and prices are based on pods, not seeds because the pod wall protects the seed from producer to processor to consumer.
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