Nuts owe their popularity to their tasty and healthy fruits with best quality in the world. The walnut is hidden in a corrugated chocolate shell, so they stay fresh for a long time and can be stored for months. They contain about 60% fat, and also contain many proteins and vitamins. Their taste is slightly sweet, with pronounced bitterness. Nuts are very easy to grow: they are drought tolerant and moderately cold hardy. For proper growth and development, it needs slightly alkaline soil and a warm and sunny location. The fruits ripen from late September to November.
- what
- Origin and emergence
- Appearance
- Walnut plantation: places and flower beds
- Plant walnuts step by step
- Walnut - cultivation: care care (watering, top dressing)
- Shorten the nut
- Walnut cultivation: diseases and parasites
- Nut - type
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- Origin and emergence
Walnut (Juglans regla) is a tree of the walnut family that grows naturally in southwestern, central and eastern Asia (China), as well as in southeastern Europe (France and the Balkans - Romania, Bulgaria, Greece). ). The plant spread to Europe during the Roman Empire, and in the 17th century, walnuts appeared in the Americas (today it is mainly grown in California and Chile). Walnuts are long-lived trees: plants grafted onto the trunk can continuously bear fruit for 200 years, and cultivated plants from sowing - up to 500 years or more. In Poland, walnuts are often grown in home gardens and are famous for their tasty and healthy fruit - the walnut. There are many varieties of nuts, which differ mainly in strength, fruit ripening time (early and late numbers), size and taste of fruits (some bitter, others sweet).
- view
The walnut is a robust tree up to 35 meters high, but in our climate it usually reaches 10 meters in height, which makes it easier to store and harvest the fruit. In addition, grafted plants grow faster and bear fruit faster - approximately 3-4 years after sowing (for comparison, plants bear fruit approximately 10-15 years after sowing and rarely repeat the signs of the mother plant). Solitary canaries, which do not have to compete with other plants for access to light, usually have short stems and a wide, wide crown. When planted among other trees, they produce a taller trunk and a more compact crown. The leaves of the walnut are light green in color and consist of several smaller leaves, with flowers that grow very late, in early April and May. 
Canaries have male flowers (hanging cats 5-10 cm long) and female flowers (nondescript, yellow), which develop at different times, which prevents self-fertilization in the same plant (this phenomenon is called digamy). The nuts are round or oval in shape and ripen in late September and October. Outside, it is covered with a fleshy green shell, which separates as the fruit ripens. Inside there is a corrugated shell in which an edible kernel is hidden. Walnuts contain about 60% fat, in addition, they are rich in proteins and vitamins (A, B, E). In addition, the leaves and bark have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antidiarrheal properties, and green walnut tincture is used for indigestion. How to dry walnuts? Remember to pick them up when the skin turns green and shiny and remove them as soon as possible. You can then separate it from the outer shell, which can become bitter over time. Then simply place it, for example on paper or linen, in a warm place, and then when dry, seal it in a closed container.
- Walnut plantation: location and substrate
The position of the canary prefers a warm and sunny place. Therefore, the best place to plant a walnut is a southern or southwestern view. They should grow in fertile, humus and warm soil, rich in calcium (the soil should be alkaline, i.e. pH 6.2-7.8). The walnut grows and bears fruit in moist, clayey, heavy and slightly acidic soil. These trees are completely frost-resistant, so they can be grown in colder areas of our country. Even if they freeze, they can be regenerated. 
Unfortunately, this plant is very sensitive to late spring cold, which can lead to the loss of flower branches and, as a result, the absence of fruits. It should be remembered that other plants should not be planted around beans, as these trees secrete juglone, a substance that inhibits (sometimes prevents) the growth and development of other plants. In walnuts, juglone is found mainly in the leaves and the side effects disappear as the leaves dry. However, in gardens we often have walnuts grafted onto black walnut rootstocks that we provide. How do you grow walnuts? - Prepare several buckets of good soil (preferably a mixture of compost and 4-5 handfuls of wood ash, e.g. from a campfire or campfire), dig a hole of approx. Pour about 1 meter of soil and a depth of 50-70 cm down, spread the walnut roots on a mound (if bare) or put them in a hole (if cultivated in a container) and cover 2/3 of the surface. Then it is necessary to water the seedlings and completely close the hole. Newly planted beans should also be covered with compost or mulch. When to plant nuts? - The two best planting times are autumn (mid-October to be precise) and spring (just after the earth has thawed). How do walnuts bloom? - In walnuts, three types of flowering are distinguished: pre-tubular (female flowers bloom before male), pre-columnar (male flowers before female) and synchronous (male and female flowers bloom at the same time). The walnut is a dicotyledonous plant. That is, inside the tree there are separate male flowers (hanging catkins, often curved, 5-12 cm long) and female flowers (almost imperceptible clusters of bottle-shaped branches turning into young fruits). have it. 
- When and how to cut walnuts
- Walnut pruning should be done in August and in exceptional cases in March. There are topiary (for the purpose of bending the branches into a horizontal position, which are made in the 4th and 5th year after planting) and cuttings of old and young trees (thicker branches at the thickening point become near the trunk and young Trees cut branches are cut over the pond). What does a walnut contain? - Although nuts are quite low in calories, they contain a lot of nutrients (per 100 grams): protein (15.23 grams), fat (65.21 grams), carbohydrates (13.71 grams), fiber (6.7 grams), vitamins - incl. C (1.3 mg), B6 (0.537 mg), A (20 IU), E (0.70 mg) and K (2.7 g), minerals - incl. calcium (98 mg) , iron (2.91 mg), magnesium (158 mg), phosphorus (346 mg) and potassium (441 mg). Why are walnuts bitter? The high tannin content in the shell makes the nuts taste bitter. Note that an earthy taste can be a sign of mold growth. How to fertilize walnuts? It is better to feed a walnut with foliar fertilizer and soil calcium nitrate. Thanks to this, we give him the necessary macro and micro elements. How long do walnuts take to grow? - A walnut is a long-lived tree, it reproduces from planting, bears fruit in 10-15 years and does not stop bearing fruit even at the age of 400. In contrast, grafted trees bear fruit between the second and sixth year after planting, some are still bearing fruit after 200 years.