Bitumen has different types and categories according to its origin.
Based on its source and origin, bitumen divided into three categories: natural, petroleum asphalts, and coal tar pitches.
bitumen of natural
Natural bitumen or native asphalts are a type of bitumen that has formed naturally over time as a result of climatic conditions and is used without the need for distillation; their compositions and properties vary widely.
Coal tar Pitches are brittle, dark-colored solids produced during the distillation of coal tar.
Their new fractured surface is shiny, and when heated, they melt with a rapid decrease in viscosity; however, their melting point is dependent on the manufacturing process.
Petroleum Asphalts are bitumen solubility sfragments derived from petroleum.
These are solid and semi-solid bitumen derived directly from the distillation of petroleum or through additional processes such as air blowing.
They are utilized more frequently and have more applications than the other categories.
bitumen of natural best
Based on their applications, bitumen varieties can be divided into two groups: road construction or thin diluted bitumen , building bitumen, and (roof insulator) or hard bitumen.
Approximately 90 percent of manufactured bitumen is used for road construction, while the remaining 10 percent is utilized for insulating purposes.
The majority of bitumen utilized in Iran is employed in road construction and municipal road coating.
Bitumen for road building is frequently categorized according to its penetrability.
The penetration rate of bitumen material indicates its strength and hardness, which is defined as the number of penetration units of one vertical standard needle in one bitumen sample, at a certain period and weight on the needle, and at a specified temperature.
Typically, the rate of bitumen penetration is measured at 25 degrees Celsius using a 100-gram weight and 5 seconds.
Common bitumen used in road construction are 40/50, 60/70, and 80/100.
Typically, bitumen is derived through the distillation of petroleum.
This bitumen is often referred to as petroleum asphalt or distillery bitumen.
bitumen of natural features
Bitumen is the product of two stages of petroleum distillation in a distillation tower.
During the first step of distillation, light components such as gasoline and propane are extracted from crude oil.
This technique is performed at pressures close to that of the atmosphere.
In the second stage, heavy chemicals such as diesel oil and kerosene are eliminated.
This technique is carried out at pressures close to the vacuum.
Last but not least, a mixture of solid particles known as asphaltene floats in a Malton-like fluid.
This type of bitumen, known as natural bitumen , is more durable than petroleum asphalts because it is derived from the gradual transformation of petroleum and the evaporation of its evaporating constituents over a long period of time.
This bitumen can be found in its natural state in the environment (lake bitumen) or extracted from mines (mineral bitumen).
different types of natural bitumen
Except for the natural state of bitumen, this useful substance is artificially produced and categorized in different types with different specifications.
Bitumen has a range of uses, but approximately 90 percent of its need is for road construction and maintenance either directly or through asphalt.
Paving grade, bitumen cutback bitumen, and bitumen emulsions are essential bitumen types for road applications.
Paints, waterproofing, sealants, land and marine pipe coatings, adhesives, enamels, electrical products, flooring materials, and a number of other non-road applications utilize hard, oxidized, and blown grades of asphalt in addition to mastic asphalt.
Specifications for bitumen differ in terms of safety, solubility, physical properties, and durability.
Therefore, understanding the performance of natural bitumen asphalt in service requires an intimate knowledge of the material's physical qualities.
Utilizing established testing procedures, bitumen is graded.
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