The main parts of fire fighting systems are different types of pumps, which provide the water needed in the operation of extinguishing the fire. The fire pumps have different types as follows:
- Vertical linear fire-pump
- Vertical turbine water pump
- End suction pump
- Split case pump
Vertical linear fire-pump takes less space due to their special design and due to their limited spaces are suitable for use in buildings.
These pumps are installed in the line along with the pipe.
The inlet and the outlet of the pumps are on the same axis and are used when the pump life and low energy consumption are considered.
Vertical turbine water is a type of pump, vertical turbine is a type of centrifugal pump that is used to extract water from aqueducts and groundwater tables.
these pumps are also known as linear shaft pumps.
These pumps include more than one or two impellers.
The multi-impeller models are used in suction from deeper suction or deeper pressure.
End suction centrifugal pumps are among the most used pumps in the markets and are in a different types of diesel, hydraulic, etc.
These types of centrifugal pumps are working based on centrifugal forces and consist of one propeller inside of a shell and act as water entering the center of the impeller and increasing the centrifugal force to the impeller environment, increasing the pressure and exiting the outlet.
Split case fire pumps are a series of centrifugal pumps, these types of pumps are from vertical centrifugal pumps which have a single volute casing.
the components of this pump are replaceable.
The impeller of the split case is a closed radial type and has two fluid inlets.
The impeller of the pump does not have the axial force and operates statically and dynamically.
Fire Fighting Pump Sequence of Operation
The sequence of the Fire fighting pump depends on its operation.
There are different types and sizes of fire pumps that are selected based on the area and the environmental conditions and water situations of that area.
A fire pump is installed to supply public water and activate sprinklers.
The fire pump will be connected to an exclusive water tank (storage tank, river, and …) to provide the desired water pressure needed for fire fighting usage.
In the design of fire pumps, there are always two pumps, one of them is always ready to work and the second pump is considered on standby in the design, and if more pressure is needed, the second pump will be started automatically, and give the user more shooting power in water outlet for fire extinguishing.
In designing fire pumps there is always a smaller pump than the main one which is called (Jockey Pump).
the Jockey pumps are used for making the pressure fixed during the operation.
the jockey pump must have the desired outlet pressure to supply the desired pressure of the fire protection system, the other application of the jockey pump is to prevent Water hummers that entering the main circuit.
Fire pumps of any type and size must be tested periodically and preferably by automatic ignition (automatic start) and should be manually switched and made ready to use.
Some believe that these pumps should be checked weekly to ensure the efficiency of the system in case of fire.
These tests include initiation and operation (without water flow), like turning on the car on the cold winter morning.
Fire Fighting Pump
The fire fighting pump is a very important and inseparable part of building fire safety systems, especially in high buildings.
The importance of the fire pump and its function in the fire safety system is very important.
Suppose that there are buildings whose floors are more than 120 to 150 meters from the ground.
In these buildings, the presence of a fire pump helps to distribute water through fire extinguishing systems to different areas of the building where the water pressure of the main water pipes and fire control equipment is not enough to reach these areas.
Installing a building fire pump is essential, because of the importance of these pumps for fire services.
Firefighting is a dangerous profession, but it would be even more dangerous without a well-designed and well-installed fire safety system.
Therefore, it is better for buildings, especially commercial buildings, to install a fire pump in their complex to make the work easier for firefighters and better protect the lives of employees and their property.
Fire pumps are designed for safe operation throughout life.
maximum safety and total outlet pressure criteria are of great importance in these pumps.
All fire pumps should be tested at least annually under full water flow conditions and their characteristics measured at zero, nominal point, and maximum output.
Due to the fact that the efficiency of the pump may be gradually reduced, or problems may occur due to temporary damage to the water tank, with the help of annual water flow test results, these problems can be accurately shown before the need for pumps in emergencies helped solve these problems.
Fire Fighting Pump Pressure
Water pump pressure control or regulator set is used in fire fighting pumps to control water pressure and prevent water flow intensity as well as to prevent fluctuation in water flow.
To get acquired with the operation of the fire pump, it is necessary to first get acquainted with its components and specifications.
The main components of a fire pump consist of a single pump, but the entire system consists of a motor or a control actuator.
The fire extinguishing pump is a key part of the fire extinguishing system and therefore receives its required water from a groundwater source or a water tank, lake, and reservoir and is turned on by electricity or a diesel engine.
The fire extinguishing pump can distribute water at high pressure through the fire extinguishing system, fire water pipes, and fire water tanker.
In this article, we talked about the types of fire pumps and their features there are various standards in this field that regulate the installation and maintenance of fire extinguishing pumps.
The fire fighting pump makes the water available to the fire extinguishing system with high pressure and increases the water flow in this system.
it is also necessary to mention that to install all types of fire fighting pumps and their maintenance and their repair, you must consult with experts and specialties in this field.
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