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Talc powder is produced by many types of equipment and some of them are generally used in sterilization of it.
It's vital to remember that the phrase "sterilization" applies to any procedure that kills germs including fungi, bacteria, viruses, and spores.
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As a result, there are several ways that may be employed in the sterilization process, and these approaches differ depending on the nature of the material to be treated and the goal of the sterilization.
Dry heat, pressurized moist heat, ethylene oxide (ETO), formaldehyde, gas plasma (hydrogen peroxide, H2O2), per-acetic acid, e-beam, and gamma rays are examples of sterilizing processes.
Other sterilizing procedures are also available.
Physical processes include radiation, humid heat, and dry heat, while chemical processes include a broader range of gases and liquids in addition to water vapor and steam.
Body-based techniques
Physical techniques include sterilization by radiation, dry heat sterilization, and moist heat sterilization.
We won't go through the wet heat sterilization process again since we've already covered it.
In this part, only dry heat and radiation will be described.
Dry Heat Sterilization
Dry heat sterilization is often used to sterilize powders, oils, and other materials that are vulnerable to wet heat.
Dry heat must be administered for a longer length of time at higher temperatures to get the same outcomes as wet heat.
Dry heat is used in procedures such as baking, burning, and incinerating.
Dry heat's impact is performed by oxidation, which causes enzymes and nucleic acids to become denatured.
After denaturing the enzymes and nucleic acid, you will have effectively destroyed the bacterium.
Keep in mind that this is a function of both time and temperature.
One of the major disadvantages of using dry heat technologies is that the sterilizing process does not provide consistent temperature distribution.
To overcome this problem, these sterilizers often include a fan.
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When sterilizing powders, there is a possibility that the powders may get disseminated in the air.
This approach works very well with glass and metal materials.
The following is a list of the times and temperatures.
30 minutes at 180 degrees Celsius or longer
1 hour or more at 170° Celsius
2 hours or more at 160° Celsius
Sterilization by Radiation
Exposure to ultraviolet light, high-energy ionizing radiation such as gamma rays, or high-speed electrons are all examples of radiation therapy.
As a result, radiation approaches use both ionizing and non-ionizing elements of the phenomena.
The high energy levels of X-rays, gamma rays, and other types of radiation that may drive electrons off of molecules can cause ionization.
As a result, ionizing radiation sterilization methods include X-rays, gamma rays, and other comparable types.
These high-energy forms cause molecules to emit free hydrogen radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and peroxides into the environment.
These free radicals have the ability to cause substantial cell damage.
Ultraviolet light, on the other hand, has less energy and cannot ionize molecules.
Despite this, molecules may absorb UV wavelengths, causing electrons to get excited and migrate to higher energy levels.
This, in turn, causes the cellular structure to be destroyed.
UV radiation is often used in hospitals before and after surgical procedures to prevent the spread of sickness and the development of microorganisms.
E-beam and gamma rays are often utilized in the sanitization of pharmaceuticals.
Chemical Methodologies
Chemical processes make use of substances that are either gaseous or liquid.
The goods are exposed to a range of gases throughout this technique, including ethylene oxide, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, propylene oxide, and peracetic acid.
Our major focus will be on ethylene oxide and per-acetic acid.
The Use of Ethylene Oxide for Sterilization
The most often utilized gas method is ethylene oxide.
This chemical is a cyclic ether that acts as an alkylating agent throughout its activity.
Because ethylene oxide may both burn and explode, it must be handled with great caution.
It is often employed in the prevention of flames and explosions in conjunction with inert gases such as carbon dioxide.
This gas is often used in the sterilization of surgical instruments, gloves, plastic syringes, disposable needles, tubing sets, and dialysis units.
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The sterilizing procedure might take anywhere from two to six hours at a temperature of 55 degrees Celsius.
Sterilization using Peracetic Acid
Per-acetic acid is a well-known biocidal oxidizer.
This approach may successfully remove protein and other contaminants from surgical equipment surfaces.
Per-acetic acid sterilizers with microprocessors are one kind of equipment that may be bought.
The mechanism of action is unknown, and very little information is presently available.
It is thought that it may denature proteins and cause cell wall destruction.
Despite the fact that talc has been used as a pleurodesis agent since 1935, no standard sterilizing process has been created.
To sterilize the USP asbestos-free talc obtained from six different suppliers, we employed dry heat, gamma irradiation, and ethylene oxide gas.
Aerobic, anaerobic, and fungal cultures were taken before the sterilizing procedure, and then again 1, 30, and 90 days afterward.
Bacillus species were successfully cultured from all six unsterilized specimens, whereas coagulase-negative Staphylococcus grew from two of the unsterilized specimens.
There was no indication of organism multiplication after any sterilization approach.
The cost of sterilizing a 5-gram package of talc with heat was $4.
74, whereas sterilizing it with ethylene oxide cost $7.
85, and sterilizing it with gamma irradiation cost $16.
Finally, talc that hasn't been treated in any manner isn't sterile.
Dry heat sterilization, ethylene oxide gas sterilization, and gamma irradiation sterilization are all efficient techniques of sterilization; however, dry heat sterilization is the most cost-effective option.
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