Sunflowers are similar to corn, which many insects love to eat. In this section, we will discuss companies that wholesalers sunflower seeds. Some of them sometimes cause problems and others deserve attention and probably need attention from time to time. Seedling stage is rarely a problem unless there is a heavy cutworm infestation. As the plant grows on the sunflower foliage, many insects feed, including grasshoppers and caterpillars, but they rarely cause economic damage. The true stage of pest hunting comes when the bud begins to develop. Head pinworms attacking the stem just below the head can cause the entire head to drop, but they are not very common. The main threat to sunflowers in Missouri is the sunflower moth or the striped sunflower moth. 
Ideally, sexually mature butterflies should be identified by reconnaissance. and if they are present in sufficient numbers, they should be sprayed before larval development. Once the eggs have hatched and the larvae have moved into the heads and seeds, insecticide control becomes very difficult. Late planting (June or July) can help prevent sunflower moths in most years. Several broad-spectrum insecticides are targeted at sunflowers, including Asana, Bitroid, Furadan, Endosulfan, Loresban, Parathion, Permethrin, Stryker, and Voin. Some organic insecticides can also be used, including Bt products and pyrethrins. In the presence of pollinating bees, it is best to avoid spraying with insecticides. Late planting (June or July) can help prevent sunflower moths in most years. Several broad-spectrum insecticides are targeted at sunflowers, including Asana, Bitroid, Furadan, Endosulfan, Loresban, Parathion, Permethrin, Stryker, and Voin. Some organic insecticides can also be used, including Bt products and pyrethrins. In the presence of pollinating bees, it is best to avoid spraying with insecticides. Late planting (June or July) can help prevent sunflower moths in most years. Several broad-spectrum insecticides are targeted at sunflowers, including Asana, Bitroid, Furadan, Endosulfan, Loresban, Parathion, Permethrin, Stryker, and Voin. Some organic insecticides can also be used, including Bt products and pyrethrins. In the presence of pollinating bees, it is best to avoid spraying with insecticides. 
disease Although several diseases have been identified in sunflowers, as with other crops, relatively few diseases have been reported in Missouri. In cool, moist soil, the seeds or seedlings can become infected with fungi, so the seeds are usually treated with fungicides. Various foliar and foliar diseases cause surface spots or yellow spots but do not affect yield. Probably the biggest danger to sunflowers is sclerotinia (white mold), which also occurs on soybeans, canola, and some other hardwood crops. Using proper crop rotation practices, including planting sunflowers in the field more often than every three to four years, can reduce the chance of disease. * The pesticides listed in this manual are a guide to product use only and do not guarantee that the product label is applicable in Missouri. Check the product label or company representative for the latest information on pesticide use. Product Sunflower seeds are usually ripe when the back of the flower is yellow. When the underside of the head turns brown, the seeds are usually ready to harvest. In some cases, harvesting in high humidity can be useful to prevent bird damage or to reduce losses due to lodging or crushing of seeds. Platform (grain), row crops and corn headers are used successfully with sunflowers. Row cutters are perhaps the best option as they can be used without modification. The corn head must be trimmed with a fixed cutting blade before being used with sunflowers. Platform headers can be used without modification, but often have more grain and debris than inline headers. 
Adding a skid to the front of the deck and / or replacing the pulley can improve performance. Composition settings need to be adjusted for sunflower relative to other crops. Due to the lighter weight of the sunflower, the air velocity must be lower. The concave should generally run fully open (in a rotating combination, a 3/4 "to 1" concave rotor setting is perfectly acceptable). The bottom 3/8 "screen and the top 1 / 2-5 / 8" screen are common. The speed of the cylinder normally In cooler months, sunflowers can be safely stored at 10% humidity or less, but in warmer months, storage humidity should be 8% or less. When measuring the moisture content of drum-dried sunflower seeds, keep in mind that the outer skin dries faster than the kernels. Yes. For a more accurate reading, place a portion of the seed in an airtight jar overnight and read the moisture content the next day after the moisture has evened out between the husk and the seed. Buckets with holes in the bottom are better for drying sunflowers than buckets with channels. If aeration is not available, sunflowers should be rotated between containers to avoid hot spots in stored seeds. It can greatly reduce the incidence of storage problems.Ambient air can be used to cool and dry the sunflowers. If hot air is used, a temperature increase of 10°F from room temperature is usually sufficient to accelerate drying. Sunflowers dry out faster than corn or soybeans, so you need to keep them from getting too dry. Sunflower drying poses a higher fire risk than other crops. The main problem is that the tiny fibers destroy the skin of the sunflower and become airborne, making these fibers flammable. The combination can cause residual fire. Avoiding the use of propane heat on open flames eliminates this risk, but special precautions can be taken when heat must be used. 
The air intake of the dryer fan can be turned to wind, allowing clean air to pass over the burner instead of air laden with sunflower fibers. By avoiding drying out, the risk of drum fires can be greatly reduced. Other important steps in storage include cleaning bins and grain handlers prior to storage and managing bins for insects. Do not create seed spikes or cones in the top of the basket. Sunflowers grown for the snack market need to be handled carefully, washed well, and kept free of insect damage in order to meet food quality standards. I have. Sunflower test weight (pounds of seeds per bushel) varies with seed size, but typical test weights for oilseed sunflowers are 28 to 32 pounds per bushel. (U.S. quality standards are only 25 pounds per unit.) Due to their light test weight, when transporting sunflowers over long distances, high-side trailers are often used to carry more seeds and reduce shipping costs. Commonly used.
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