No one can deny the importance and value of steel and metal scrap in the steel market. the value and price of this product are calculated per ton. Preparing materials for reuse is called recycling. Common recyclable materials include scrap metal, iron, plastic, glass, paper, cardboard, some waste chemicals that can be recycled and turned into compost. Recycling can prevent the waste of production resources and national capital and reduce the consumption of raw materials and energy. The work also reduces the production of greenhouse gases. Steel recycling: Steel is the most produced metal among metals, is cheaper than other metals and has the highest overall value. Steel is commonly used in industries such as structures, buildings, machinery, equipment, installations, and automobile manufacturing, and as a result, these industries hide the most recycled material. Steel scrap is considered to be a suitable raw material for the production of new steel products. The mass production of steel made the need for a scrap processing industry for secondary resources manifest in the 12th century and the industry began. The classification of scrap iron determines the quality of iron in it, and according to this classification, it is ready to be melted in steelmaking furnaces. Steel industry scrap is divided into two categories: domestic and foreign. 1) Internal scrap: It provides us with all stages of steelmaking and household scrap production. The molten steel is poured out of the furnace in the form of ingots, ingots, and ingots. Ingot casting is followed by primary rolling, and the top scrap size is converted into shells, end cuts, and accessories. These scraps are easily collected in the appropriate units and sorted by alloy type. These types of scrap are not removed from the production unit because most rolling units have the capacity to produce crude steel. Therefore, domestic scrap steel is still in the cycle of the steel industry and is not included in the steel recycling statistics. 
It should be noted that recent industrial developments have led to a significant reduction in domestic scrap production. 2) Foreign waste: Recycling of foreign waste is divided into two categories: old and new. New industrial waste from finished steel producers, including processing waste from plate to body, wire to tools, and wire to nails. The quality of this waste is known. Most of these types of scrap, such as internal scrap, are products of the rolling stage. This scrap includes cuts and attachments to plate and wire, as well as defective products with a certain type of alloy that is free from contamination. This type of waste has a significant quality because its chemical composition is known. Other types of such waste include chips and shavings from machining and other materials made from rolled, drilled, and cut metals. These materials vary in alloy composition and most are contaminated with oil, paint, and other metals. Old or worn scrap is also common steel that has reached the end of its useful life. The main sources of old waste are discarded cars, refrigerators, freezers, and other waste from household appliances, building components, bridges, etc. Sources of scrap iron supply The sources of supply of scrap iron are divided into three categories
- Family Resources
- General Resources
- Industrial resources are divided, all these resources and their items will be mentioned below.
To obtain the necessary resources for scrap metal, it is necessary to collect metal waste from household appliances and food packaging, waste from public places, waste from manufacturing and steel products, and recycling waste from steel mills and automobile production lines. Factories, stamping plants, household appliances, shipyards, machinery, spare parts, transmission towers, railways, petroleum and petrochemical industries, cement factories, dams, bridge construction, various facilities, agricultural machinery industry, forging and casting, surplus iron Flood and earthquake damage, demolition and decay of old houses, stripping parts from ships and train cars and rebuilding railway tracks and road construction machinery and various substandard cars and production lines. 
Chemical composition of iron scrap The chemical properties of steel scrap are directly dependent on the type of production and steel quality and include a number of useful and harmful elements. Scrap iron can contain metals such as copper, tin, zinc, and non-metals such as phosphorus and sulfur. The above elements lead to a decrease in the quality of the steel. Therefore, the type of scrap iron, especially scraps iron-containing the above elements, should be checked and classified, so that the consumption percentage of different types of scrap iron for charging varies according to the steel grades produced. This article makes the chemical composition of steel scrap important for the production of various structural and alloy steels and special steels. How to use scrap metal Scrap metal is often reused and recycled in production lines around the world. Currently, in developed countries, in addition to pure and accurate sorting and separation, it is also packaged and sold in powder along with additives required by the parts manufacturing industry. In Iran, as before, it is used for melting in furnaces. The foundry industry uses induction furnaces with temperatures up to 1450 degrees Celsius to produce cast iron products, while the steel industry uses electric arc furnaces with temperatures as high as 1950 to 2000 degrees Celsius. In conventional castings, rotary kilns of more than one ton are used. First, the pressed scrap composed of thin sheets is loaded into the furnace. As this scrap melts faster, this scrap is used to charge the furnace and fill one third of the furnace. After melting, the scrap is thicker and thicker. Large or similar scrap sellers pour heavy objects into the furnace, which melt in a shorter time due to the melting in the furnace. In a melting furnace, melting is usually completed within one and a half to two hours, and after slag melting or slag formation, additives are added to the melt to standardize the melting of the specific product required. The melted sample is then sent to a laboratory for analysis. After chemical and mechanical tests, the laboratory reports the results to the melting unit so that the melting analysis meets the standards. In this case, iron scrap becomes a standard product that in every way resembles a new product made from steel ingots or sponge iron. 
steel value per ton
The value of steel products is because of their potential and usage in every industry. Sometimes it is used per ton and some other time it is used per gram even. Iron is used more than any other metal and makes up 95% of the metals produced worldwide. The low price and high strength of its components make it indispensable, especially in the hulls of cars, large ships and buildings. Steel is the best known ferroalloy, some types of iron are as follows:
- Pig iron, which contains 5-4% carbon and varying amounts of impurities such as Sulphur, silicon, and phosphorus, is only important because it is in the intermediate stage from iron ore to cast iron and steel.
- Cast iron contains 2-3.5% carbon and a small amount of manganese. Impurities in pig iron that adversely affect its properties, such as sulfur and phosphorus, are reduced to acceptable levels in cast iron. The melting point of cast iron is between 1420-1470 k, which is lower than its two main components, making it the first molten product when carbon and iron are heated at the same time. Cast iron is very strong, hard, and brittle. The cast iron used, even white-hot cast iron can cause objects to crack.
- Carbon steel contains 0.5-1.5% carbon and small amounts of manganese, Sulphur, phosphorus, and silicon.
- Wrought iron (soft iron) has a carbon content of less than 0.5% and is a strong and ductile product, but it is not as fusible as pig iron. It contains very small amounts of carbon (a few percent). If an edge is sharpened, it quickly loses its sharpness.
- Alloy steel contains varying amounts of carbon in addition to other metals such as chromium, vanadium, molybdenum, nickel, tungsten, etc.
- Iron oxide is used to make magnetic storage in computers. They are usually mixed with other compounds and retain their magnetic properties in solution.
Iron naturally has four stable isotopes Fe-54, Fe-56, Fe-57, and Fe-58. The relative abundance of iron isotopes in nature is about 5.8% Fe-54, 91.7% Fe-56, 2.2% Fe-57 and 0.3% Fe-58. Fe-60 is an inactive radionuclide with a half-life of 5.1 (Myr). Most previous efforts to measure the isotopic composition of iron have focused on identifying different types of Fe-60 due to the processes that accompany nucleosynthesis (such as in the study of meteorites) and mineral formation. In different places, Semarkona and Chervony Kut meteorites, we can find a correlation between the concentration of Ni-nickel|60 (Fe-60 stellar product) and the abundance of stable iron isotopes, which is one of the reasons why Fe-60 exists during the formation of the solar system. It is likely that the energy released by the decay of iron-60, as well as the energy released by the decay of the radionuclide Al-26, had an effect on the remelting and separation after star formation 4.6 billion years ago. The abundance of Ni-60 in extraterrestrial material may also provide more information about the origin of the solar system and its early history. Of the stable isotopes, only iron 57 has atomic spin (-1,2). Therefore, iron 57 is used as a spin isotope in chemistry and biochemistry. Too much iron in the diet can be toxic because large amounts of ferrous iron can react with peroxides in the body to produce free bases. When the iron level in the body is normal, the body's own antioxidant mechanisms are able to control this process. If the amount of iron exceeds the normal amount, an uncontrollable amount of free base is formed. The fatal dose of iron for a 2-year-old is about 3 grams, and 1 gram can cause severe poisoning. There are reports of children being poisoned by taking 10 to 50 ferrous sulfate tablets in a short period of time. An uncontrolled increase in iron in the body can lead to a condition called hemochromatosis. 
Excess iron that accumulates in the liver can lead to siderosis and organ damage. Therefore, people without iron deficiency should not take iron supplements. What is Alpha Iron? Alpha iron is one of the allotropes of iron. This allotrope is stable in the temperature range -273°C to 910°C. This allotrope has a cubic crystal structure. The lattice constant of the alpha ferromagnet is 2.86 angstroms. What is beta iron? At a temperature of 768 degrees Celsius, ferromagnetic alpha iron becomes paramagnetic alpha iron. This transition is not an allotropic transition. Sometimes this paramagnetic alpha iron is called beta iron. The lattice constant of this iron is 2.9 angstroms. A Swedish Iron Age ax was found in Gotland, Sweden. From the 10th to the 12th century in the Middle East, the conversion of tools and weapons changed rapidly from bronze to iron. The important factor in this transition is not the sudden emergence of advanced technologies using iron, but the main factor is the interruption of the tin supply. This period of displacement, which occurred at different times and in different parts of the world, created a period of civilization known as the Iron Age. While replacing bronze with iron, the carburizing process of adding carbon to existing iron was discovered at that time. They recover the iron in the form of sponges, which are mixtures of iron and slag with some carbon or carbides. The slag is then separated by hammering and the carbon content is oxidized to produce soft iron. Middle Easterners have found that a stronger product can be obtained by heating soft iron in a layer of charcoal for a long time and then soaking it in water or oil. The resulting product with a steel finish is stronger and more durable than the previously used bronze. Meteorite iron was also used for the first time in China, while in the northeastern region near Xinjiang, the first archaeological evidence of objects made of soft iron dates back to the 8th century BC. 
The objects were made of soft iron in the same manner as in the Middle East and Europe, and are also believed to have been sent to non-Chinese. At the end of the Zhou Dynasty (about 550 BC), due to the great development of furnace technology, the ability to produce new iron was produced. A blast furnace capable of building a high temperature of 1300 k led the Chinese to produce iron or cast iron. If we heat iron ore with carbon k 1420-1470, we get a molten liquid which is an alloy of 96.5% iron and 53.5% carbon. This robust product can be made into small and delicate shapes. But they are too fragile to use unless most of its carbon is removed. Since the Zhou Dynasty, most iron production in China has been in the form of cast iron. However, iron was used by farmers for hundreds of years as a common product, and it was not until the Qin Dynasty (c. 221 BC) that it really affected the greatness of China. The development of European cast iron was delayed because European furnaces were only capable of 1000k. For most of the Middle Ages in Western Europe, iron was still obtained by turning mushroom iron into soft iron. Between 1150 and 1350 AD many iron castings were made in Europe in two regions in Sweden called Lapphyttan and Vinarhyttan. Researchers believe that this approach may have transferred to Mongolia on the other side of Russia, but there is no hard reason to justify this hypothesis. By the end of the 19th century, however, a market for cast iron goods emerged, such as the demand for cast iron cannonballs. Initially, charcoal was used both as a heat source and as a reducing agent for ironmaking. 
In 18th century England, timber suppliers dwindled and coal, a fossil fuel, was used as an alternative source. This innovation by Abraham Darby provided the necessary energy for the Industrial Revolution.