The profile or steel hollow section is a construction element with a fixed section and long length that have many different manufacturing processes. The profiles are used in industries and major companies around the world such as construction, car manufacturing, shipbuilding, manufacturing desks, and office furniture. Different types of profiles have different prices depending on the material, including steel, aluminum, etc. In addition, the thickness of the profile is another factor that determines the price of the profile. What is personal data? Profiles are open or closed sections and are divided into different types according to weight, type of application, and type of cross-section. Therefore, all profiles such as steel, aluminum, and steel are part of the profile category. Below we will examine each type of configuration file in detail. Profile type To understand exactly what profiles are and determine exactly what profiles are, we need to categorize them according to criteria. In the following, we will examine the profile types based on application, properties, material, and cross-section type. 
Types of building profiles A building profile is a building material used for building construction. Hot rolling and cold rolling are important methods for the production of building profiles. In the production of building profiles by hot rolling, ingots are rolled at very high temperatures, and the resulting products are in the form of rods, strips, sheets, tubes, cans, and shields. In the production of cold-rolled profiles, steel sheets are formed by bending. Products produced by cold rolling are used in door frames, columns, ceiling beams, and other matters. In addition, there is another method for producing building profiles, which is a combination of cold rolling and hot rolling, called the composite method. Types of aluminum profiles Aluminum profiles are often used for structural purposes with some by-products. In this regard, we can mention three types of aluminum profiles according to their use: architectural, architectural, and industrial. Architectural aluminum profiles These profiles provide low self-weight, high bending, and good torsional stiffness for structures in solar panel frames and structures. Architectural aluminum profiles This type is used for applications where appearance is important. Architectural aluminum profiles are used to manufacture window and door frames. 
Industrial aluminum profiles In industry, they are used where the hardness or quality of the surface is not so important, but combining these two properties with other material properties, such as electrical conductivity, provides a wide range of applications in industry. These applications include cable duct systems, radiators, air conditioning systems, cabinets and furniture, etc. Galvanized profiles The manufacture of galvanized profiles is a chemical, electrical or mechanical process in which a protective coating of zinc is added to steel or iron to prevent the steel or iron from rusting. The most common method for producing galvanized profiles is by hot-dip galvanizing, where the steel profile is dipped in a molten bath. Galvanized profiles have advantages, the most important of which are:
- Lower costs while preventing corrosion in corrosive and hostile environments
- Protection against mechanical damage to the profiles, e.g. wear due to galvanization
- Visual inspection without destructive testing
Composite profiles Composite profiles are very suitable for various applications. They are produced by pultrusion, and by choosing the right resin system, fiber type and surface treatment, special properties such as heat resistance and chemical stability can be achieved, and profiles can be produced according to specific application needs. These profiles are produced in various shapes including U, H, I, L, T, C, and Z sections. Among the advantages of these profiles can be mentioned high corrosion resistance, low weight, vibration resistance, high production speed, and low overall costs, as well as the limitation of the shape of the mold, which reduces the diversity of the cross-section of the mold. the production part and the weakness of drilling. One of the disadvantages of this profile. Types of industrial profiles It is a group of profiles with industrial applications used in industries such as car manufacturing and the defense industry. Industrial profiles have the advantages of light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance and good weldability, which makes them widely used in sensitive applications. On the other hand, the impossibility of fine design and the small range of production facilities is one of the disadvantages of the industrial image. 
Steel profiles Steel profiles are sections of stainless steel or steel that have been rolled, drawn or pressed and have the same cross-section. Among steel profiles can be mentioned angles and bands, which vary according to their cross-section. Chrome in steel creates a hard and uniform surface that prevents rust. Improved rust resistance through the addition of higher percentages of chromium as well as other alloys, which are the most important properties of steel profiles. Aesthetic appearance and heat resistance are other desirable properties of steel profiles. Appearance-based profile types The profiles are divided into two types: open type and closed type, which are introduced separately below. open profile Open profiles are cold steel profiles with a large gap between the two edges of the profile. The opening of the profile, i.e. the distance from one edge to the other and the extent of this distance, distinguish open profiles from closed profiles and welded parts. Open profiles are very efficient for the audience in terms of cost and weight, while also having sufficient and high strength. Types of open configuration files include the following sections: 
- Z profile
- beam
- corner
- study
- rebar
- belt
closed profile The closed profiles include pipes, cans, UPVC profiles, etc. There are two main production methods. The extrusion process leads to the production of seamless profiles, during which, by passing the heated part through the hole, it forms the desired profile. The other method is to use a welding process. In this way, the sheet is formed by rolling, and then its tubular edges are welded together. Profile type based on construction method Hot-rolled profiles Profiles made by the hot rolling method experience temperatures above 1700 degrees Fahrenheit, which allows these profiles to form well and reach the desired dimensions. 
Due to the high temperature, an oxide layer develops on the surface of hot-rolled profiles, which increases the corrosion resistance of these profiles. However, profiles produced by hot rolling have a rough surface due to the presence of this oxide layer. Cold rolled profiles Unlike hot-rolled profiles, cold-rolled profiles produce profiles that have a smooth, polished surface and are stronger. But they have smaller dimensional variations compared to hot-rolled profiles. What are the disadvantages of a profile? Now, after understanding the types of profiles and how to make them, we will examine some of the mentioned disadvantages of profiles. Lightweight profiles or furniture boxes are profiles with a thickness of less than 2 mm. Due to their small thickness, the use of this type of profile is not recommended at all in places that require high resistance and strength and high pressure on metal materials. Galvanized profiles are rust-resistant due to their zinc coating, but are not recommended for use in special weather conditions such as northern Iran, unless a hot-dip galvanized coating is used in their production. Another mentioned profile is the composite profile, which, despite its light weight, has a high brittleness, which is considered its main disadvantage. Z-profile is one of the most used profiles and its service life will be shorter if it is not galvanized. 
steel hollow section manufacturing
steel hollow sections also known as profiles have different manufacturing processes. In the construction industry, one of the most used building materials is various metal materials. All these products are used in this part of the industry according to their special materials and conditions. In addition, one of the widely used metal materials for various parts of the building is aluminum profiles, which include both architectural and industrial types. The date of the first use of this steel is related to the years after the Second World War. The profile was first used in Germany and was transferred to other European countries after being well received. At the same time, the population in Iran is increasing, and it is important to build new houses that meet international standards. Due to the lack of iron (to learn more about the history of iron, see What is iron) and primary materials, the government approved plans to import iron and came up with the idea of making new and necessary equipment in the country. The first factory to produce profiles on its production line was built by a man named Mansman and his brothers. For the first time, Mansman punched a sheet roll in an inclined shape and made it possible to make different cross sections. After that, profile manufacturing developed and a man named Peiger was able to produce hollow and seamless profiles for special applications. The manufacture of this product continued to progress until after the Second World War, when the welding industry took a great leap forward and opened up new possibilities for production. 
Even today, the quality of the profiles and the expansion of the production process continue, in order to build more durable structures, many studies and experiments have been carried out on the mechanical and chemical properties of metal profiles, such as wear resistance, abrasion resistance, etc. What is a steel profile? Literally, a profile means that the cross-section is fixed to a certain length. These hollow profiles have been used since ancient times for their extraordinary properties, but you must be wondering what the word means in the construction industry. Profile in Latin refers to equipment used to construct doors, windows, pipes, or building facades. Basically, a profile is a metal structure that is divided into two types in the construction industry, open profiles, and closed profiles. There are different types of open profiles, one of which is a z-profile open profile, and they are used in large buildings. Among their other possible uses can be mentioned the construction of roofs for large halls such as gymnasiums, warehouses, public car parks, and sheds. Open profiles are available in various sizes and thicknesses and are used as consumables for rebars, beams, corners, pins, hashes, four sides, and ties. Closing profiles, these types of profiles are also produced in various sizes for the production of pipes, cans, windows, and doors, PVC profiles, and electric shutter profiles. 
Types of steel and non-steel profiles
building profiles There are two types of profiles for this type of metal construction, hot-rolled and cold-rolled. The first is a hot-rolled profile, in the form of a can, which is formed by heating a steel ingot. The other is cold-rolled profiles, which are in the form of rivets and are produced by bending a sheet of steel into shape. Of course, these types of profiles are only suitable for light construction work, such as rivets, support beams and sometimes false ceilings and architectural door frames. The third type of profile is the composite profile, which is created by joining together several hot and cold profiles. Industrial profiles Refers to the products used as industrial parts and accessories in various industries such as automobiles and military industries. The attention to mechanical and electrical properties is particularly important at the industrial stage, where technical know-how, work experience and production facilities are placed in a special place so that special parts with specific properties can be produced. Profile producer. There will be no buildings. For prices on various types of construction, industrial profiles, etc. Composite profiles In this new era, a large part of the profile market is composite materials. Composite profiles are very popular in the construction industry, especially in weather conditions with a high potential for corrosion and rust. 
The main reasons for using this profile are to prevent corrosion processes and increase the life of the structure against atmospheric vibrations. The use of composite profiles makes buildings lighter, but this advantage is not so important. What makes composite profiles durable and long-lasting is their inelastic properties, which make them perform better. Due to the north-south climatic conditions in my country, the use of composite profiles is very extensive. Currently, many structures built in corrosive environments in different parts of the country, such as bridges at Lake Urmia or buildings in the southern part of the country, have corrosion problems, and the use of composite materials can solve the problem of such structures. Galvanized profiles Galvanized profiles are also very useful today as they are used to reinforce UPVC doors and windows. One of the advantages of using galvanized profiles in the construction of uPVC windows is that we do not have problems with tightening and bending of door and window openings. Galvanized profiles One of its other advantages is that it increases its strength and resistance to atmospheric pressure several times at high altitudes, as the wind can put a lot of pressure on the windows high up in the tower. Of course, windows on the lower floors can be loaded due to the setting of the building, you must also be aware that the more loaded the window is, the larger the surface of the window, the galvanized profile must be thickened, usually starting from one millimeter, up to two millimeters depending on the situation.