After China, India is the world's second-largest producer of raw silk. The nation holds the unusual distinction of being the only one in the world to produce all five varieties of silk. While non-mulberry kinds (Vanya silk) like Tussar are produced in Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Odisha, and West Bengal, mulberry silk is primarily produced in the southern states of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Telangana. Eri silk is grown in Meghalaya and Nagaland, while Moga silk is unique to the state of Assam. 
Mulberry silk accounts for about 70% of the total amount of silk produced in India, with Karnataka being the region that produces the most mulberry silk. The Central Silk Board (CSB) was established by the Government of India shortly after the country gained independence, bringing with it a number of policies, in recognition of the enormous employability potential spawning across the value chain of the silk industry that could put the nation on an economic growth trajectory. A large agrarian population's socioeconomic development has depended heavily on the silk industry, which employs 9.4 million people in rural and semi-urban areas thanks to its low capital requirements, lucrative nature of production from rural on-farm and off-farm activities, and its ever-growing domestic market bound by culture. In contrast to seasonal crops, sericulture can be practiced all year round and harvested up to 5–6 times annually. Sericulturists find it more profitable to grow cocoons due to the current excellent prices of '550 per kg than to grow any other cash crops. 
The production of raw silk, which was predicted to be 35,820 MT in 2019–20, decreased by over 30% during the pandemic. Even though imports help meet some of the need for raw silk, the majority of the '1466 crore in silk waste, garments, and carpet exports in 2020–21. Through the creation of 36,000 jobs, the industry, which has received funding from a number of ministries, including the Ministry of Rural Development, the Ministry of Textiles, and programs like the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) and Seri-forestry, has provided farmers with a sustainable means of subsistence in the states of Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, and Andhra Pradesh. A total of 1521 hectares (ha) of Tussar plantations were grown on private wastelands with assistance from 36,154 farmers, including 2497 women farmers. 14,227 commercial seed growers produced 2240 lakh reeling cocoons under Special Projects. 35,000 women farmers will be added to the program as part of the rural livelihood mission's further expansion. Pre-cocoon and post-cocoon stages are used in the manufacturing of silk. Sericulturists plant mulberries in the first stage and raise disease-free silkworm seeds that are designed to develop on mulberry leaves. Since the quality of the silk depends on the leaves fed to the silkworms, great care is taken with the original seeds and the mulberry plantation. 
Silkworms go through four developmental stages, from eggs to moths, and form a cocoon around themselves in the caterpillar stage. Two proteins—fibroin, the fiber, and sericin, the bonding agent between the cocoon and the fiber—make up the majority of the spun thread produced by the silk gland of the silkworm. Reeling happens after the cocoon stage. To obtain the greatest quality silk, the cocoons' spun silk is reeled out within fifteen days. Ten kilograms of cocoons can be used to make one roll of silk. Weavers create completed goods for the consumer market using the reeled silk. On reeling devices installed in the residences of silk entrepreneurs, silk threads have been reeled for ages. Reeling is a straightforward technique that entails boiling the cocoons in hot water and reeling the silk fibers into threads while the cocoons are still hot. There are currently large capacity automated reeling machines with high productivity and yield rate that require the least amount of human interaction thanks to the introduction of automation in all facets of the industry. 
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