There are different types of raw materials used for sponge iron making and steel products Like Coal, Iron Ore, and Dolomite Iron ore and decoking coal are the main raw materials to produce sponge iron. They are charged into the rotary kiln in the required proportion together with some dolomite used as a desulfurizing agent. Coal plays a dual role in this process, both as a reducing agent and as fuel to provide heat to maintain the desired temperature in the furnace at 10,500-850°C. The reduction process takes place in the solid state. An important factor in this reduction process is the controlled combustion of coal and its conversion to carbon monoxide to remove oxygen from iron ore. The entire production process in the furnace takes 10-12 hours, during which the iron ore is reduced and discharged into a rotary cooler to cool below 1000°C to prevent re-oxidation and better separate non-ferrous iron. Sponge Iron. The process of making sponge iron is to remove oxygen from the iron ore, and when this happens, the outflowing oxygen creates micropores in the stone body and makes it porous. When the final product is observed under a microscope, it resembles a honeycomb structure and has a "sponge-like" texture, hence the name sponge iron. Since the metallurgical process involves solid-state reduction, sponge iron is also known as direct reduced iron (DRI). The quality of sponge iron mainly depends on the percentage of metal content (iron) in the product. Next to it are the characteristics of the sponge iron produced by TSLP raw material The production of sponge iron is very sensitive to the properties of the raw material. 
Therefore, it is necessary to check the chemical and physical properties of the raw materials separately and in combination. The main raw materials for producing sponge iron are iron ore and non-coking coal. Several tests were carried out in the company's laboratory to ensure their suitability in rotary kilns. C oal: An important factor in determining the quality of coal, in addition to chemical properties such as fixed carbon, Ash content, volatile substances, etc. belong to its metallurgical properties. Ash Reactivity and Fusion temperature. Coals with higher reactivity are preferred because they allow the furnace to be operated at lower temperatures with higher furnace output. In general, coals with higher fixed carbon are preferred because they produce more carbon for reduction and have a higher heating value. The ash content should be as low as possible as it can negatively impact furnace performance and heat requirements. High humidity can also reduce the efficiency of the furnace and increase the amount of energy required. Since coal sulfur is collected through DRI, it should be as low as possible. Additionally, ash melting characteristics should be considered when selecting coal for DRI production. The company's entire coal needs are linked to the best coal resources of its subsidiary Coal India Limited and imports from South Africa. Iron ore: Since the manufacture of DRI is a solid-state reduction process, gangue from the ore remains in the product. Due to the removal of oxygen, the weight decreased by about 30% and the percentage of gangue matter increased by a factor of about 1.4. Therefore, it is very important to choose a higher-grade iron ore input. In all DR processes, the only significant chemical change that occurs is the removal of oxygen from the iron oxides in the charged iron ore. Since no smelting or refining occurs, all impurities in the ore feedstock are concentrated in the reduction product. 
Therefore, in any iron ore selected for the DR process, the total iron content should be as high as possible, and the gangue content (silica plus alumina) should not only be minimal but also have an acceptable composition. to product users, the phosphorus content of iron ore is very important and should be as low as possible (preferably less than 0.03%) because phosphorus is not removed during the reduction process. As with phosphorus, iron ore should have a very low sulfur content (below 0.02%) because some sulfur may be present during the reduction process. Many iron ores in the world have very low sulfur content (0.01-0.02). In addition to this, a series of other tests are carried out on the iron ore to ensure the longevity and output of the furnace. Fracture, rolling and wear indicators, reducibility, etc. As for furnace consumption at the Gamharia plant, the company's captive iron ore near Barjamda meets the full demand. The Jodha plant is located near the best source of iron ore in the country, all Jodha's iron ore is sourced from Tata Steel's iron ore. If necessary, there are several other iron mines nearby that provide high-quality iron ore at competitive prices. And one of the most prevalent elements in the universe is iron. Almost everyone is made to have at least a small amount of iron. It is also one of the oldest metals, having first been turned into useful decorative objects at least 3,500 years ago. Pure iron is a soft, white metal. Despite being a common element, pure iron is hardly ever discovered in the natural world. The only naturally occurring pure iron known is from fallen meteorites. Most iron is found in minerals formed by combining iron with other elements. Iron oxide is the most common. Those minerals that have the highest amount of iron near the earth's surface are called iron ore and are commercially mined. Iron ore is transformed into different types of iron through several processes. The most common process is to use a blast furnace to produce pig iron, which is about 92-94% iron and 3-5% carbon, and small amounts of other elements. Cast iron has limited uses and most of it goes to steel mills, where it is converted into various steel alloys by further reducing the carbon content and adding other elements such as manganese and nickel to give the steel certain properties. 
Raw Material for Steel Products Industry
Steel is made from iron ore, which is a mixture of iron, oxygen, and other natural minerals. Steelmaking raw materials are mined and then converted into steel through two different processes: the blast furnace/basic oxygen furnace route and the electric arc furnace route. Both processes are continually being improved to meet the challenges of producing low-emission steel. What is steel made of? Iron is the main component of steel and is one of the most abundant elements in the earth's crust. All steel alloys are mainly iron and 0.002-2.1% carbon by weight. In this range, carbon combines with iron to form a strong molecular structure. The resulting network microstructure helps achieve certain material properties, such as tensile strength and hardness that we rely on in steel. Although all steels are made of iron and carbon, the percentages of each element vary in different types of steel. Steel can also contain other elements such as nickel, molybdenum, manganese, titanium, boron, cobalt, or vanadium. The addition of different elements to the "recipe" of a steel alloy affects its material properties. Methods of manufacturing and refining steel have enhanced these capabilities. An important group of alloy steels contains chromium. All these alloys are commonly referred to as stainless steel. how to make steel in its most basic form, steel is made by mixing carbon and iron at very high temperatures (above 2600 degrees Fahrenheit). Early steelmaking was made from a product called "iron". Pig iron is iron smelted from ore that contains more carbon than steel. The steelmaker uses a system that produces oxygen by melting pig iron. This process produces equal oxidation throughout the molten metal. Oxidation removes excess carbon. It also vaporizes or binds impurities made from elements such as silicon, phosphorus, and manganese. Secondary steelmaking is done "in the ladle". This is the process of steel refining and alloying. Secondary steelmaking can start with scrap melting or continue with the primary process. Elements can be added to obtain specific alloys. 
Steelworkers can also remove surface impurities (slagging). The ladle is heated and cooled to the temperature required for the necessary chemical processes. finished steel in a foundry, steel is sand or a melt cast into patterned shapes. In steel mills, steel is poured into building raw materials by continuous casting. Continuous casters make standardized raw steel shapes rather than roughly formed parts. Raw steel is processed or processed into finished products. Steel mills typically cast and form sheet, billet, bar, bloom, tube, billet, and wire. A rolling mill can also hot or cold roll steel during production. These processes create different shapes and finishes. Steel may be cut, coiled, or bundled before shipment from the factory. In casting or milling, steel can be heat treated. Finishing steps such as quenching, tempering, normalizing, and annealing can shape how an alloy behaves in an application. The invention of steel Archaeologists discovered the oldest steel at a 4,000-year-old site in Turkey. Crucible steels, such as the famous Watts steel in South India, were continuously manufactured as early as the 4th century BC. However, by the mid-1800s, steelmaking became extremely challenging. Steel melts at about 2700 degrees Fahrenheit. Maintaining such high temperatures is a challenge for the ancient furnaces that make bush steel. In addition, impurities are also found in steel alloys made from elements such as silicon and manganese. Managing these remains, a challenge. In ancient steelmaking, they performed a long, multi-step process. The founders would spend the entire day heating, stirring, removing slag, and reheating their alloys. After the steel is cast, it is processed by a blacksmith. 
Tapping the anvil created the final shape. It also helps distribute and reduce variations in carbon, porosity, or inclusions. Henry Bessemer patented a brand-new method for producing steel in 1856. Using a Bessemer converter, instead of a traditional melting vessel, enables steelmakers to bubble air through molten metal. Upon reaction with air, impurities are oxidized and removed from the gas. Oxidation also helps generate and maintain the high heat required to make steel. The process that once required a full day in the foundry and more time in the forge was replaced by a 20-minute process that could produce 5 tons of steel. Bessemer steel is also stronger and of higher quality than most steelmakers would like. This innovation underpinned the Industrial Revolution. Most steels are magnetic, but not all. Steel is mainly made of iron, which is magnetic. Ferromagnetism was first discovered in nature in "magnets" -- rocks made of magnetite, a type of iron oxide. Other elements are also ferromagnetic, such as cobalt and nickel. These elements are also sometimes present in the steel. Steel, an alloy of iron and carbon in which the carbon content varies by up to 2% (materials with a higher carbon content are defined as cast iron). It is by far the most widely used material in the world's infrastructure and industry, used to make everything from sewing needles to oil tankers. In addition, the tools required to manufacture and manufacture such products are also made of steel. The main element of steel is iron, a metal that is no harder than copper in its pure state. Except in very extreme cases, solid iron, like other metals, is polycrystalline—that is, made up of many crystals joined together at their boundaries. A crystal is an ordered arrangement of atoms that can best be represented as spheres in contact with each other. 
They are arranged in pages called grids that penetrate each other in some way. For iron, the lattice arrangement can be best visualized as a single cube with eight iron atoms at its corners. Important to the uniqueness of steel is the allotrope of iron, i.e., it exists in two crystalline forms. In a body-centered cubic (bcc) arrangement, each cube has an extra iron atom in the center. An important group of steels necessary for power generation and transmission are high-silicon electrical steels. Electromagnets used for alternating current are always made of multiple layers of sheets that are insulated to minimize eddy currents, thereby reducing current loss and heat generation. A further improvement was achieved by adding 4.5% silicon, which provides high resistance. Our vision is to be a standard for customized products and quality services so that we can build a good brand image of our company in the national and international market with competitive prices and cheap shipping services. We are eager to do what we do and strive to further the needs of our customers by providing quality products and services. And do not hesitate to any questions our support teams are available. For more information kindly visit our site.