Gilsonite is a naturally occurring fossil resource; hard bitumen or natural bitumen is also known as natural bitumen. In this study, natural hard bitumen was made hydrophilic by reacting with a mixture of sulfuric and nitric acids and then reduced to nano size using an argon planetary ball mill process. The hydrophilic diaspore is milled using a mechanical fusion process in a planetary ball mill. A numerical dynamic mechanical model of a planetary ball mill was developed to investigate the dependence of process efficiency on grinding parameters such as the size and number of balls, tank geometry, and the speed of rotating parts. Modeling indicates a correlation between grinding parameters and the final microstructure of the crushed material. In particular, the greatest efficiency of the grinding process was observed with the most disordered movement of the balls, which was achieved in a strictly defined range of ratios of the tank and plate speeds. 
Planetary ball mills consist of several cylindrical grinding jars (located on the sun gear as shown) filled with grinding balls. Two superimposed rotational movements set the grinding bowl in motion: as in the planetary system, the grinding bowl rotates in an orbit around the center. Planetary ball mills consist of several cylindrical grinding jars (located on the sun gear as shown) filled with grinding balls. Two superimposed rotational movements move the grinding jar: like in the planetary system, the grinding jar rotates in an orbit around the center. This rotational movement is a superposition of the grinding vessel's own rotation. The resulting centrifugal and acting acceleration forces lead to a strong grinding effect. In addition, there are forces acting according to the Coriolis acceleration. The result is a strong grinding effect between grinding ball and sample. 
Hydrophilic gilsonite
Hydrophilic gilsonite were characterized using FT-IR, FE-SEM and dynamic light scattering methods. Gilsonite is a naturally occurring mineral resource ground through a mechanical alloying process in planetary ball mills. Solid bitumen or natural bitumen is also known as natural bitumen. In this study, natural hard bitumen was made hydrophilic by reacting with a mixture of sulfuric and nitric acids and then reduced to nano size using an argon planetary ball mill process. All experiments show that the properties of hydrophilic gilsonite differ from those of natural gilsonite due to surface modification. The hydrophilic diaspore is milled using a mechanical fusion process in a planetary ball mill. The mass ratio of steel balls and hydrophilic diaspore was 10:1, the vial rotation speed was 360 rpm. Choose from 80 to 100 hours of grinding time. In addition, it shows that as the grinding time increases, the particle size decreases and finally reaches a low value after 100 hours of grinding. Hydrophilic or hydrophilic - a molecular fragment or compound characterized by a strong affinity for water and polar solvents. The root word means "to love water", which means that the hydrophilicity will be able to effectively dissolve or interact with water molecules. 
Gilsonite is a natural fossil resource, its structure and chemical properties are similar to asphaltene-rich petroleum bitumen. Therefore, solid bitumen or natural bitumen is also called natural bitumen. Asphaltenes are a class of organic compounds functionally defined by their solubility in organic solvents. In addition, gilsonite can be formally classified as asphaltenes with a wide range of possible compositions and structures. Gilsonite is a harmless natural hydrocarbon resin, consisting of a large number of pyrrole and aromatic compounds. Mechanical alloying, obtained through a high-energy ball milling process, is a method for preparing biodegradable dressings containing dexpanthenol for the production of nanoparticles. In addition, mechanical alloying is a simple and inexpensive method for the synthesis of nanomaterials. The main mechanism of mechanical alloying is the repeated cold melting and destruction of particles, which eventually leads to the creation of nanostructures. In this paper, we report the synthesis of hydrophilic gilsonite followed by the production of hydrophilic gilsonite nanoparticles using a high-energy ball mill process. Therefore, hydrophilic materials are generally soluble or miscible with water. However, hydrophilicity, affinity for water and other polar solvents, is related not only to solubility as such, but also to the degree of wetting with water and the surface of such materials or materials. 
Planetary ball mill process
Planetary ball mills are a grinding jar filled with a medium and rotating around its axis. But their unique design uses centrifugal force and the Coriolis effect to grind materials down to very fine, even micron sizes. These forces are exerted when the grinding bowl in a planetary ball mill rotates around its axis in the opposite direction of the disk it is held on (often referred to as the sun gear). These opposing movements, along with the difference in rotational speed, result in the planetary ball mill delivering the powerful combination of friction and impact required for fine grinding. Suitable applications include a wide range of materials such as ceramics, polymers, limestone, clay minerals, limestone, pigments, paints and metal oxides. Like other ball mills, planetary ball mills have a slight advantage in metal-free grinding because the operator can achieve a metal-free environment by simply lining the tank and using a ceramic filler (unlike internally agitated ball mills that require hands and shafts) sheathed, which easy to do. Planetary ball mills are ideal for grinding small samples in the laboratory. But the enormous cost of scaling them up to full production scale has so far limited the widespread use of planetary milling in practical manufacturing. In contrast, high energy internally agitated ball mills such as the batch Attritor can easily and efficiently scale up to larger production machines capable of processing hundreds of gallons per batch. 
Mills can also run continuously, which is another advantage over planetary mills which cannot run continuously. Since they use stationary tanks that do not require screens, irrigation mills have another significant advantage over planetary ball mills. The absence of a jacket allows the use of a water jacket on the tank of a ball mill with internal mixing, providing cooling or heating to facilitate the grinding process. Unlike planetary ball mills, attritors have the advantage that they can sample the material during the grinding process without stopping the process. Recipe adjustments and the addition of grinding additives can be made on the fly without stopping the grinding process. A numerical dynamic mechanical model of a planetary ball mill was developed to investigate the dependence of process efficiency on grinding parameters such as the size and number of balls, tank geometry, and the speed of rotating parts. Modeling indicates a correlation between grinding parameters and the final microstructure of the crushed material. In particular, the greatest efficiency of the grinding process was observed with the most disordered movement of the balls, which was achieved in a strictly defined range of ratios of the tank and plate speeds. As an important case study in ceramic powder technology, the model is demonstrated and tested on calcium fluoride (CaF2) ground in a planetary mill under various conditions and then characterized using X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. 
Production of hydrophilic gilsonite nanoparticles
Hydrophilic bitumen nanoparticles are produced using a high energy ball mill process. Characterization experiments show that the structure of hydrophilic gilsonite differs from that of natural gilsonite due to surface modification. In addition, the size of the nanoparticles decreased with increasing grinding time, reaching about 300 nm after 100 h of ball milling. Nanoparticles (NPs) have a large surface area and high-volume concentrations that endow them with unique mechanical, chemical, thermal, and magnetic properties and thus outperform traditional micro- and macro materials in a number of oil and gas field applications. Due to their unique physio-chemical properties, they are considered very good candidates for the formulation of NP intelligent drilling fluids, i.e. fluids with targeted rheological and filtering properties. Over the years, several researchers have explored the use of nanoparticles, ranging from commercial particles to individual particles, to create drilling fluids with improved properties that can withstand extreme downhole conditions, especially those associated with high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) conditions. 
drilling problems, including wellbore instability, leakage, torque and drag, differential sticking, low drilling speed, etc. Nanotechnology has come to the forefront of research and has made a significant contribution by revolutionizing innovation in drilling fluid technology in the oil and gas industry. Nanotechnology produces nanomaterials, which are natural or synthetic materials with at least one nanoscale (1100 nm). Nanoparticles (NPs) have enhanced, and improved physicochemical properties compared to macro- and micro sized materials, mainly due to their small size and extremely high surface to volume ratio. These properties make nanoparticles the most promising materials for the development of intelligent drilling fluids with special properties that meet the requirements of harsh downhole conditions. Over the past few years, the need for drilling fluids with improved properties has prompted researchers to develop improved drilling fluids using various NPs as additives. Although much of the work described was in the laboratory, two studies reported comprehensive field trials of nanoparticle-based drilling fluids. Natural gilsonite is made hydrophilic by reacting with a mixture of sulfuric and nitric acids. After that, the functionalized cardboard was collected and washed thoroughly with distilled water until the pH was adjusted between 6 and 7, then the suspension was filtered and dried. 
To search for hydrophilic and natural diaspore functional groups, FT-IR spectra were obtained from 4000 to 650 cm-1 using a Perkin-Elmer Spectrum 2 instrument. Surface morphologies of natural and hydrophilic diaspores were recorded using FE-SEM). Hydrophilic diaspore is ground using an alloying process performed on a planetary ball mill. The grinding process was carried out under an argon atmosphere. Hydrophilic diaspore powder was placed in cylindrical stainless steel vials under a dry atmosphere of pure argon. Cylinders are sealed with elastomer and O' ring seals. The weight ratio of steel balls to hydrophilic stearite was 10:1, and the vial speed was 360 rpm. Choose between 80 and 100 hours of grinding time. After the ball milling process, the particle size distribution (PSD) of the hydrophilic gilsonite was measured using the DLS technique at 25 oC