Nowadays most people are familiar with fruits like the orange. Since consumers want its benefits and exporters want the income, a relatively high percentage of orange production is involved in foreign trade. In 1957-60, a fifth of world production was exported, with Western Europe importing 84 percent of these exports. Within the European Economic Community, Italy is the only producer of oranges. Statistics summarize the average production, exports, imports, and consumption of oranges and ten pockets for the three years 1957 60. Countries are ranked according to the major global production and consumption sectors. Global production and consumption of Oranges and tangerines have increased steadily over the past few decades, reaching a level in the 1960s almost double that of the immediate pre-war period. Rising levels of population and income increased demand to such an extent that this expansion of production generally took place at profitable prices. 
A large number of books and articles have been written describing the trade policies developed by the Common Market or the European Economic Community (EEC). Since the Common Market countries are important importers and consumers of agricultural commodities, concerns are often raised about the effects of these trade policies on non-member producing and exporting countries. Analysis: future conditions are difficult because the agricultural and trade policies of the Common Market are still developing: negotiations between the European Economic Community and other countries to significantly reduce trade barriers are underway; · The future size of the common market remains uncertain - many countries in Europe, Asia, and Africa have requested discussions about membership, potential partnership or bilateral trade agreements. Agreements are in force or have been initiated with Greece, Turkey, and 18 African signatories to the AOC. 
Orange benefits
Oranges are known for their many health benefits and are one of the most popular fruits around the world. Oranges can be eaten not only as a snack but also as a main ingredient in various dishes. Nowadays, orange juice is an integral part of a healthy breakfast and thus promotes a healthy start to your day. It is mainly available in two categories - sweet and bitter, the former being the most consumed. In general, the peel of orange should have a smooth texture and be firm and heavy for its size. They will have a high juice content whether it is squishy or lightweight. Whole oranges are more nutritious and healthier than orange juice. One cup or 240ml of pure orange juice contains the same amount of natural sugar as 2 whole oranges but is less satiating due to the lower fiber content. Fiber helps increase stool bulk and prevents constipation. Eating fruit is a much better option than drinking juice when you are trying to lose weight because consuming fruit juice is often confusing and results in a higher calorie intake. 
If you still want to drink juice, be careful with the quantity and use only fresh orange juice. The packaged drink you get from the supermarket is unhealthy and contains preservatives. Oranges are safe to consume and only in rare cases can people develop an allergic reaction after consuming this fruit. For people with heartburn, eating this fruit can make things worse due to the presence of citric acid and ascorbic acid (vitamin C). Benefits of eating oranges High content of vitamin C Oranges are a good source of vitamin C. One orange provides 116.2% of the daily value of vitamin C. A good amount of vitamin C is associated with a lower risk of colon cancer because it helps get rid of free radicals that are harmful to our bodies. DNA healthy immune system Vitamin C, which is also essential for the proper functioning of a healthy immune system, is great for preventing colds and frequent ear infections. 
Prevents skin damage A daily orange can help you look younger even at the age of 50! Keeps blood pressure under control Oranges are rich in vitamin B6, which helps in the production of hemoglobin and also helps in controlling blood pressure due to the presence of magnesium. lowers cholesterol According to a study conducted by American and Canadian researchers, polyethoxylated flavonoids (PMFs), a class of compounds found in citrus peels, can lower cholesterol better than some prescription medications without side effects. Helps absorb iron Citrus fruits are very important for the normal functioning of the body because they help in the absorption of iron. Doctors always advise anemic patients to eat citrus fruits. Anemia is a condition in which the body lacks sufficient amounts of the mineral iron necessary for its functioning. Although oranges are not a good source of iron, this vitamin C-rich fruit is essential for iron absorption. 
Promotes heart health The nutrients contained in oranges reduce the risk of heart disease if this fruit is eaten within the permissible limits. Since oranges can regulate cholesterol levels, a cause of most heart diseases, they are linked to good heart health. Controls blood sugar levels The fiber in oranges helps keep blood sugar levels under control, making oranges a healthy snack for diabetics. In addition, oranges contain simple sugars. The natural fruit sugar in oranges, fructose, can help prevent blood sugar levels from rising too high after eating. It has a glycemic index of 40 and generally any food under 50 is considered low in sugar. However, this does not mean that you have to eat a lot of oranges at once. Overeating can lead to insulin spikes and weight gain. Reduces the risk of cancer Oranges contain d-limonene, a compound that is said to prevent cancers such as lung cancer, skin cancer, and even breast cancer. Both vitamin C and the antioxidants in oranges are important for boosting the body's immune system - helping to fight cancer. According to a study, 15 percent of cancer cases are caused by mutations in DNA, which can be prevented with vitamin C. 
Orange exporters
The total global sales of oranges exporters from all countries amounted to 5.4 billion US dollars in 2021. Overall, the value of oranges exported to all suppliers increased by an average of 6.3% since 2017 when shipments of oranges reached 5 billion dollars. On an annual basis, the export value of oranges globally decreased by -3.5% to reach US$5.6 billion in 2020. The 5 largest exporters of oranges in 2021 are Spain, South Africa, Egypt, the United States, and the Netherlands. In total, the group of major suppliers accounted for 71.9% of the total international sales of exported oranges. Among the continents, European countries sold the highest dollar value of exported oranges in 2021 with exports of $2.3 billion or 42.6% of the world total. African exporters came in second with 30.5% while 11.8% of global shipments came from North America. Asia provided another 7.9% of the exported oranges. Small proportions came from Oceania (3.8%) mostly Australia and Latin America (3.4%) excluding Mexico but including the Caribbean. Here are 15 countries that sold oranges with the highest dollar value in global markets during 2021. 
Spain: US$1.4 billion (26.9% of total orange exports) South Africa: $808.6 million (15.1%) Egypt: $714.4 million (13.3%) United States: $606.1 million (11.3%) Netherlands: $283.7 million (5.3%) Australia: $205 million (3.8%) Greece: $184.5 million (3.4%) China: $136.9 million (2.6%) Italy: $134.8 million (2.5%) Turkey: $104.8 million (2%) Portugal: $100 million (1.9%) Hong Kong: $88.7 million (1.7%) Chile: $81 million (1.5%) Morocco: $67.6 million (1.3%) India: $51.5 million (1%) In terms of value, the 15 countries listed sent 93.4% of the world's exported oranges in 2021. Among the top exporters, the fastest growing orange exporters after 2020 were: Mainland China (24.3%), Egypt (10.1%), the United States (up 6.2%), and Italy (up 3.3%). The countries that reported a decrease in their orange sales were led by Portugal (down -by 31.9%), Morocco (down -by 24.4%), Turkey (down -by 21.1%), the Netherlands (down -by 19.2%), and Hong Kong (down) that were -18.5%. 
Countries with the highest trade surplus in oranges The following countries recorded the highest positive net exports of oranges during 2021. The Investopedia program defines net exports as the value of a country's total exports minus the value of its total imports. Thus, the figures below show the surplus between the value of each country’s exports of oranges and its purchases of imports for the same commodity. Spain: $1.3 billion (net export surplus increased 3.2% from 2020) South Africa: $807 million (up 1.3%) Egypt: $714.4 million (up 10.2%) United States: $353.2 million (up 1.2%) Australia: $182.6 million (down -2.8%) Greece: $182.4 million (+0.1%) Turkey: $92.7 million (down -21.7%) Chile: $75.5 million (down -2.3%) Morocco: $67.6 million (down -24.4%) Uruguay: $31.4 million (up 61.5%) Zimbabwe: $30.9 million (up 315.3%) Argentina: $29.6 million (up 18.1%) Italy: $26.1 million (down -132.8%) Iran: $15.5 million (down -72.8%) Portugal: $10.3 million (up 14.1%) Spain has the largest surplus in international trade in oranges. In turn, this positive cash flow underscores Spain's strong competitive advantage in this particular product category. 
Orange consumers
The fruit juice segment is currently showing positive and dynamic growth due to changes in lifestyle and the fact that consumers are becoming increasingly aware of the potential health benefits of consuming fruit drinks. Hence, the consumer tends to prefer fresh and healthy products. Fruit juices are part of the so-called new age drink mix, showing a variety of functional benefits. A similar observation has been made in the field of fruit drinks. The need to save time with healthy diet choices encouraged consumers to use ready-made orange juice. This social and cultural phenomenon intensified in the 1990s, including in the Orange Zone. In subsequent years, the production and consumption of orange juice simultaneously increased. Increased population growth and per capita consumption have facilitated the switch from fresh oranges to orange juice and/or orange-containing beverages. The contribution of transgenic oranges to the market has greatly affected global orange production in recent years. World production of fresh oranges has increased by 10 million tons in the past 20 years to a total of 70 million tons, with an increasing trend towards the future. Based on FAOSTAT data, this trend appears to be determined by the spread of orange-growing lands in areas not generally allocated to it, such as China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, and Turkey, while long production in countries with orange-growing traditions, such as Italy, Mexico, South Africa, and Spain, has to Show no discrepancy in production and increased slightly. Consumption of 100% fruit juice is associated with an increased risk of obesity in children. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend eating whole fruit instead of 100% juice because juice "may contribute to calorie intake when consumed in excess." However, consumption of 100% fruit juice in the United States is relatively low. 
Sugar-sweetened beverages are consumed more frequently and in larger quantities, especially by older children and young adults. In previous studies, drinking patterns based on 100% milk and juice were associated with higher quality diets than drinking patterns based on SSB. Orange juice and apple juice are the two most important 100% fruit juices in the American diet. While consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and other beverages has been well described, few analyzes have explored orange juice consumption patterns. This project used two cycles of NHANES data (2013-2016 NHANES) to explore orange juice consumption by demographics and social structure among children and adults in the United States. A new feature was the use of the USDA Expanded Flavonoid Database in evaluating dietary intake. Citrus juices are an important source of bioactive flavanols in the American diet. The current hypothesis was that orange juice consumption would be associated with an increased intake of flavonoids. To the extent that orange juice can replace sugar-sweetened beverages, we also expect to see a higher quality diet among orange juice consumers than among non-consumers. Based on a representative sample of 15,983 infants, children, adolescents, and adults in the United States, the current analysis indicates that the average consumption of 100% orange juice was significantly lower than is generally believed. Only 15.8% of the NHANES sample consumed orange juice on the days of NHANES data collection. 
Of these, 11.8% ate one serving per day or less, and only 0.61% of the sample ate two or more servings per day. Orange juice contributed only 0.7% of the total energy and no sugar was added to the diet. These lower levels of consumption were within current national guidelines of 4-8 ounces. of total fruit juice per day. Orange juice and apple juice are the two leading 100% juices in the American diet.