India-made nano-fertilizer products A new regulation that encourages the use of nanotechnology in agricultural fertilizers has been passed by the Indian government. It is expected that this rule will cause the amount of urea used to drop by 50% and the amount of agricultural output to go up by 15%. The agricultural sector is one of the industries where nanotechnology is used. By raising the ratio of nutrients delivered to the plant, the demand for pesticides and fertilizers is greatly reduced, and at the same time, the productivity of the produced goods rises. It appears that the Indian government has a thorough plan to utilize nanotechnology's potential in its agriculture. The Central Fertilizer Committee claims that "Nano Nitrogen" is now a commercially available commodity for Indian farmers, reducing the nation's reliance on urea fertilizer imports. According to the statement made available by this institution, "More than 9 million tons of urea were imported by us last year." Meanwhile, this reliance on imports is lessened by the new nanoproducts. The approved law is in effect for three years, although it may be extended following careful examination. It must be ensured that this brand-new technology has no detrimental effects on the environment or human health. We shall therefore keep a close eye on the outcomes. " It should be noted that following a one-year trial program, this regulatory agency for vegetable fertilizers has approved the use of nanotechnology. It is important to note that "Nano Nitrogen" is a liquid substance, and that 500 ml of it is equivalent to a 50 kg bag of urea from a practical standpoint. Urea use in India has reached 35 million tons, but only 70% of the country's urea is produced there. 
As a result, the government is practically under financial strain as a result of the 70% subsidy, which makes fertilizer more affordable for farmers. In the meantime, the government has not only provided a subsidy for the commercialization of this nano product, but also its financial burden has decreased due to the decrease in urea usage. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research helped IFFCo develop Nanonitrogen during a one-year research study at numerous locations around India. It is a product of IFFCo. . The cost of a bottle of this substance, claims the manufacturer, is less than the cost of a bag of urea, which lowers the cost burden on farmers. It is important to note that corporations now own the monopoly on this nano product, which is protected by the patent system. India, which seeks self-sufficiency in this field by 2025, is the world's largest importer of urea and diammonium phosphate. The domestic production of nano-urea is estimated to result in savings for IFFCO India of Rs 40,000 crore. This product's urea nanoparticles are 30 nanometers in size and have 10,000 times more surface area than ordinary, granular urea. Nanourea is very good at helping plants take in nutrients because it is very small and has a rough surface. These nanoparticles penetrate the plant and then travel to the areas where nitrogen is required, where they release nutrients in a controlled way. More than 40 products were subjected to efficiency testing across more than 11,000 locations, and the results demonstrate that nanourea boosts product productivity and can cut the requirement for traditional urea by 50%. 
Additionally, the use of nano urea (liquid) enhances the product's nutritional value, biomass, yield, and soil health. According to Indian government norms and OECD international guidelines, which are widely endorsed and acknowledged, this nanourea has been assessed for biosafety and toxicity. According to IFFCO, at recommended levels, this nanourea solution is fully safe for people, pets, wildlife, and the environment. NanoOre from IFFCO is a big step forward for precision and smart agriculture, as well as for sustainable agriculture and food systems. Increasing agricultural product production through improved soil, water, and fertilizer management can help to keep the agricultural sector prosperous. The Indian government is focusing on liquid nanourea because it has been shown to be effective in high-quality crop growth and productivity, as well as to expand the integrated supply of fertilizers at lower costs to farmers. The only nanofertilizer that the Indian government has approved is nanourea. A 50 kg bag of the granular urea that farmers now use performs similarly to a little bottle containing 500 ml of nano urea. As a result, the cost of urea logistics has greatly decreased. By 2025, the market for liquid fertilizers is expected to reach three billion dollars, growing at a 4.4% annual rate. The adoption of precision agriculture, rising demand for high-efficiency fertilizers, and the simplicity of using and applying liquid fertilizers are some of the factors anticipated to fuel the market's expansion. 
nano fertilizer products
- Products introduction for nano fertilizer
Since the beginning of the green revolution, intensive agricultural practices have been deemed unsustainable because the utilization efficacy of applied chemicals, including mineral fertilizers, has stayed below 30%. Fertilizers have played a central role in increasing crop output and nutritional quality, particularly with the emergence of fertilizer-responsive crop types. Nitrogen is the most important mineral nutrient for crop plants since it is a component of chlorophyll and numerous proteins and enzymes, and thus plays an important role during crop vegetative growth. Plants take nitrogen in the form of nitrate and ammonium (NH+4). Nitrogen is lost due to nitrate leaching, de-nitrification, and ammonia volatilization. Mineral nutrient loss by leaching and runoff to surface and ground water, as well as excessive volatilization, are significant problems due to economic losses and environmental damage. Conventional application techniques result in significant overdosing of chemical fertilizers, as evidenced by the phenomenon of eutrophication (algal growth on the surface of water bodies caused by nutrient-enriched water, reducing oxygen supply to fish) in many European and North American countries. Furthermore, nitrogen volatilization causes the emission of nitrous oxides, which, as greenhouse gases, contribute to global warming. It is indeed terrible that modern profit-oriented farming methods include nitrogenous fertilizer use efficiency of just 45–50%, while phosphorous fertilizer use efficiency has been observed to be only 10–25%. 
It is also worth noting that ammonium ions react with alkaline rain water, resulting in the generation of ammonia gas, which escapes into the atmosphere and becomes a cause of pollution. When there is an overabundance of nitrogen, nitrates and ammonium ions collect in the leaves of crops, particularly leafy vegetables, and become harmful to human health. Furthermore, nitrate-rich diets have been linked to a variety of human ailments, including bladder and stomach cancer, as well as methemoglobinemia. It is emphasized that the required quantities of active agents are delivered just where they are desperately needed. Environmentalists and consumers both want to see less use of synthetic fertilizers so that there is less pollution and less damage to the crops. This would also help keep agro-ecosystems in place. Modern intensive agriculture is a promising topic of study that has the potential to provide long-term solutions to urgent issues confronting modern intensive agriculture. Nanotechnology employs nanomaterials with sizes ranging from 1–100 nm, and this small scale gives unique properties and benefits to nanomaterials. In addition to numerous additional advantages, a high surface area allows for better and more effective interaction of nanoparticles with target areas. 
Plant nutrition nanofertilizers have the potential to meet plant nutrition needs while also adding sustainability to crop production systems, all without affecting crop yield. This chapter comprises and strives to meet the necessity to consolidate and review the current state and advances in nanofertilizers on a regular basis, as well as to pique interest in undertaking additional in-depth study. The ultimate goal is to synthesize and evaluate the role of nanofertilizers in increasing nutrient uptake and nutrient use efficiency, reducing losses due to leaching and gaseous emissions, and lowering the risk of nutrient toxicity, in order to ensure food security through increased productivity and economic output through sustainable farming practices. This chapter briefly discusses nanotechnology's critical role in modern farming practices; its potential in developing smart fertilizers; nanofertilizers and their various formulations; the biological mechanism of nanofertilizers in plants; the numerous advantages offered by nanofertilizers; and field evidence of superior performance of nanoparticles in imparting critical characteristics to crop plants, leading to higher productivity. Lastly, some of the problems with making and using nanoparticles as plant food sources have been talked about. 
nano products in india
Nano products in India The development of nanoscience in India is attributable to the country's advancements in science and technology. As a direct result, an abundance of specialized nanoscience and nanotechnology courses have appeared in recent years. Universities and other educational institutions in India have launched bachelor's, master's, and research programs in nanoscience and, subsequently, nanotechnology as an expanded field of the basic sciences. The bulk of Indian schools that offer nanoscience courses originated in physics, chemistry, life science, and other engineering departments. Nanoscience and nanotechnology were first introduced as an option. Then, after getting approval from higher authorities, universities began to provide fully-developed programs. A limited number of academic institutions have also established research programs in the inter-disciplinary domains of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Some institutions have assigned these functions to their own departments or centers, while others have integrated them within existing departments. Prior to a decade ago, the infrastructural facilities in many universities were inadequate for running nanoscience and nanotechnology programs. Teachers have been recruited from a wide range of basic scientific and technical departments in order to assist students in their particular areas of expertise. Permanent teaching faculties have been recruited at a small number of educational institutions to oversee the numerous programs that come under the auspices of initiatives such as special or innovative centers and centers of excellence (CoEs). Certain institutions have established nanoscience and nanotechnology programs in collaboration with foreign universities. In order to fulfill the requirements of these collaborations, students are needed to spend one or two semesters abroad. 
In this manner, universities and other institutions collaborate to offer PhD programs in addition to self-guided courses.The Indian government has taken the following measures to support various nanoscience and nanotechnology-related activities: Nanoscience, nanotechnology, nanobiotechnology, and nanoelectronics activities are sponsored through initiatives such as DBT, ICMR, and MeitY's CoE in Nanoelectronics. In India, the Department of Science and Technology has established eighteen facilities known as sophisticated analytical instruments facilities (SAIFs), which play a vital role in the advanced characterization and synthesis of nano-materials for a variety of applications. The DST-Nanomission established the Center of Excellence (CoE) in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, which assists researchers and graduate students in a number of essential fields. TUEs, also known as thematic units of excellence, are an essential component of product-based research undertaken to promote nanotechnology. Numerous subfields of nanoscience and nanotechnology are covered by these TUEs. Through the Visveswaraya PhD fellowship program, the MeitY contributes to the funding of a number of nanotechnology projects around the nation. The INSPIRE program provides financing to research fellows working in interdisciplinary domains like as nanotechnology, nanoscience, and nanobiotechnology. The DST-Nanomission provides financing for more than 20 of the approximately 70 ongoing postgraduate programs in India in order to develop a foundation for nanoscience and nanotechnology in the country.
- Academic courses and programs concerning nanotechnology
Approximately fifty percent of India's nearly seventy institutes that offer nanotechnology programs are located in the southern area. Therefore, southern India has contributed the most to the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology.
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