With the size changes of medium range voltage of wire and industrial cable, the standard chart for them changes as well. Different types of cables are used to transmit weak, medium and strong currents. Therefore, this product is particularly important in electrical equipment. But what is a cable? If we were to give a general definition of this product, it should be said that a cable consists of several electrical conductors assembled in a sheath. Cables consist of two main parts, conductors and insulators, which carry current, signals and light. Cables are divided into different types according to voltage class, function, shape of conductors and their threads. This product comes in many types and in many forms. For this reason, different types of cables have different prices. For example, the types used in telecommunications are not the same as those used to build networks. Next, to get a more precise idea of what a cable is, we will examine the buildings that make it up. 
Conductor material is one of its main components, usually made of copper. Leaders can take different forms. Power transfer takes place through conductors, which are usually made of copper and aluminum. If you want the necessary wire to carry more current, use a type with conductors made of copper. The shape of the conductors can be circular or triangular. Besides conductors, semiconductors are also used to make electric fields uniform. Note that not all of these types are available with semiconductors, only low voltage types. The insulation on the conductors is usually made of plastic. Insulators can also be of different types, depending on their application they use the appropriate type of insulator. The sheath is also responsible for protecting the inner layer from mechanical damage. Of course, in addition to conductors and sheaths, electrical and mechanical protection of cables is sometimes used as their other components. Now we will check the quality of this product in terms of thickness. The current contains millions of free electrons; as the current increases, so does the number of electrons. In other words, the increase in current is directly related to the number of electrons. If the desired type of cable has a larger diameter, it can carry more current, but the current density decreases with a constant intensity. 
Remember, the longer they are, the more resistance they have. In other words, the length of this product is directly related to its resistance. Assuming that the length of this product is one meter and it has a resistance value of 4 ohms per 20 cm, then a meter length will have a resistance of 20 ohms. Now suppose we have two meters long, in this case its resistance is 40 ohms. The difference between cable and wire Cables and wires are sometimes confused, but they are actually two different entities. A cable actually consists of several wires, and a wire consists of one or more strands of conductive electrical material such as copper or aluminum and has a wider range of uses. Wires are visible, but cables are usually insulated. Cable type There are different types of cables according to different criteria such as voltage class, conductor shape, function, and number of wires, we will check them one by one below: Voltage-based cable types Low voltage (LV) cables are used to transmit electricity up to 1000 volts for purposes such as house wiring. 
Medium voltage (MV) cables with voltages between 1 and 33 volts are suitable for transmission over short distances. High voltage (HV) and extra high voltage (EHV) cables, the former with a voltage capacity between 33 and 230 volts, and the latter used to transmit electricity at voltages higher than 230 volts. Cable type based on conductor shape One of the criteria for dividing cables is the shape of the conductor, which determines the flexibility of the cable. At this level we have three types of cables: The least flexible wire compared to the other two types, the wires inside the cable are in the form of a round or triangular wire. Semiconductors, whose conductors consist of several simple wires twisted together, are more flexible than wire and cable. 
Medium voltage wire and cable size
The size of medium and high voltage wire and industrial cable are key factors in power transmission. When transferring electricity from one location to another, cables are frequently utilized. Therefore, in order to identify these cable sizes, one must understand that cables of incompatible sizes can carry incompatible amounts of current. This knowledge is required in order to identify these cable sizes. Furthermore, the cables are identified and measured in accordance with the wiring standards established by the American Wire Gauge (AWG) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). As a result, a smaller or smaller cable size is indicated by a larger or higher AWG number. In addition, the IEC cable standard makes it simple to operate a wide variety of electronic devices, including computers, workstations, printers, laptops, and more. When determining the appropriate lighting cable size based on the type of lighting, it is not advisable to run an excessive amount of current through a cable that is too small because doing so can cause damage to the wiring that is difficult or impossible to repair. Additionally, it has the capability of beginning an electrical fire. 
The good news is that there are a variety of methods for determining the size of the cable. These methods of measuring the size of cables and wires require only the most fundamental of equipment, which is adequate for making indirect connections to any cable. The following is a simple method or method that can be used to identify the cable size: Consider first the cable insulators and the insulation that surrounds them. After that, investigate whether the insulation material features any words or numbers written on it. This is done in order to determine whether or not the final number in each text string corresponds to the AWG of the wire. After you have checked, and found that they are not, you can move on to the next step, which is to use your wire cutters to cut the wires. Once you have done this, you can proceed. However, it is important to keep in mind that the cutout has to be strong enough to withstand the run of the cable. 
Be sure to measure the diameter of the cross section in inches. The diameter is the distance in a straight line from one side of the cross section to the other; it is a common unit of measurement. 45 should be subtracted from the diameter of the thread. Determine the correct cable size for the load that will be carried by the cable. Examine the colors; in the majority of instances, they ought to be black, red, white (which represents neutrality), and green. Verify the sizes of the cables, distinguish between them, and learn their functions according to the locations where they are used. 
Medium voltage cable size chart
The standard chart of medium range voltage wire and cable can change by their size. Compliance with industry standards is becoming increasingly important in light of the growing demand for medium voltage cables on a global scale. The following are the most crucial considerations to make when selecting medium voltage cables: Standard IEC 60502-2 is widely utilized across the globe for medium voltage cables. This standard covers voltage ratings up to 36 kV and a wider range of designs and tests, including both single and multi-conductor cable designs. There are both armored and unarmored cables, as well as types of armor known as "ribbon and wire." IEC/EN 60754 Standard: Designed to determine the acid gas released when insulation, cladding, and other materials are ignited; designed to assess the content of halogen acid gas; designed to determine the acid gas released. Standard IEC/EN 60332 for the measurement of the rate at which flame travels along the length of a cable in the event of a fire. 
IEC/EN 61034 Standard: specifies a test to determine the smoke tightness of a cable burning under specific conditions. IEC/EN 61034 Standard: smoke tightness test results. Included in the BS 6622 Standard are cables with ratings of up to 36 kV. Included in BS 7835 are cables with ratings of up to 36 kV. It encompasses a wide variety of designs and tests, such as single and multi-conductor cables, only for armored cables, only for non-low smoke halogen cables, and various types of reinforced steel wire. Companies that manufacture and distribute goods are required to adhere to a series of stringent guidelines known as the BS 7870 standards when it comes to the low and medium voltage polymer-insulated cables they use. The framework and the components The price list for medium voltage cables is formulated by taking a number of different parameters into consideration. Cables for medium voltage can be constructed in a variety of shapes, sizes, and types. The structure of these cables is significantly more complicated than that of low voltage cables. 
The production process of medium voltage cables is distinct from that of low voltage cables not only in terms of how the cables themselves are made, but also in terms of the raw materials that are utilized in the production of the cables. In fact, the insulation process for medium voltage cables is very different from that of low voltage cables. Medium voltage cables consist of three layers instead of just one layer: conductor plate, insulating material, and insulating plate. Low voltage cables only have one layer of insulation. In place of the more common horizontal extruder, the CCV wire is used in the process of providing insulation for medium voltage. In order to maintain the integrity of the insulation, even though low-voltage cable insulation is utilized, the raw materials used will be different each time. Plates are dedicated to low voltage cables for specific applications and are commonly used in the construction of medium voltage cables. Plates are also used in the construction of low voltage cables. 
Medium voltage wire size chart
As it was mentioned, the size of medium range voltage is the main factor that can change the values in the standard chart. According to all recognized cable product standards, medium voltage cable products are subject to rigorous tests to evaluate individual components and entire cables. Medium voltage cables are tested for electrical, mechanical, chemical, and fire performance. Electrical Partial discharge test: The purpose is to determine the presence of discharge, the amount of discharge, and to check that its value does not exceed a specified value at a certain voltage. Thermal cycling test: Designed to evaluate how cable products respond to constant temperature changes during operation. Impulse voltage test: designed to evaluate whether cable products can withstand lightning voltages. 4-hour voltage test: Confirms the electrical integrity of the cable. 
Mechanical Shrinkage Test: Designed to gain insight into how the material performs or affects other components in the cable construction. Abrasion test: Make a mild steel angle according to the standard and apply a force to it, then stretch it horizontally for a distance of 600 mm in two opposite ways along the length of the cable. Thermal testing: designed to assess whether there is sufficient cross-linking in the material. Chemical Corrosive and Acidic Gases: Designed to measure gas emissions released by burning cable samples, simulate fire scenarios and evaluate all non-metallic components. Fire Flame Spread Test: Designed to evaluate and understand the performance of the cable by measuring the spread of fire along the length of the cable. 
Smoke Test: Designed to ensure that the smoke produced does not exceed specified values on the transmission surface. Common errors Poor quality cables can increase the failure rate and compromise the end user's power supply. The causes are mainly wear and tear on the cable infrastructure and the poor basic quality of the connections or cable systems, resulting in reduced reliability or operational efficiency. Cable wear usually starts by affecting the cable insulation and reducing the electrical resistance. These factors include moisture or air, trees, water, electricity, etc. In addition, the insulating sheath may be subject to wear and tear, increasing the risk of reaction or corrosion, which may cause problems in later use. Choosing high quality, fully tested cables will extend their life, enable predictable maintenance or replacement cycles and avoid unnecessary downtime.