Today there are three voltage ranges for wire and industry cable used in automotive vehicles. Low-voltage designs (typically used in industrial environments) are rated at 2,000 V or less. Medium voltage is designed to transmit voltages from 2,000 to 35,000 V, and high voltage cables are those rated above 35,000 V. According to the definition of the International Electrotechnical Commission, a medium-voltage or medium-voltage cable is a cable with a nominal voltage of 1000 volts to more than 100 kV, insulated with various methods such as paper, polyvinyl chloride, and finally polyethylene. According to different countries, the voltage classification of medium voltage cables may be different. 
In fact, the concept of medium voltage cables was first proposed when higher voltages than low voltage cables were required, and later when high voltage cables were designed. And they built the series that is located between the low-voltage cable and the high-voltage cable and covers the above voltage range, which is called medium-voltage cables. A common application for medium voltage cables is maintenance and repair, Sedivy said. For example, utility workers use mobile workstations to provide substations with scheduled downtime for maintenance or to perform repairs due to damage from storms. In addition, industrial facilities may have an in-house team or contractors to install and repair these types of cables to distribute power, as some facilities are responsible for some of the power that goes into them. Probably the biggest difference between low and medium voltage cables is their construction. Most medium voltage designs provide additional protection against potential charge build-up anywhere along the cable. A typical single conductor low voltage design usually consists of:
- Conductors of aluminum or copper,
- Insulation and
- Jacket
Medium voltage designs are typically constructed as follows:
- Conductors of aluminum or copper,
- Conductor shields - usually made of some form of semi-conducting material,
- Insulation,
- Insulating shielding, again semi-conductive or metallic braid or tape, and
- coating
Conductor and insulating shielding help reduce the effect of imperfections on the cable or the effect of the cable being in contact with ground potential where voltage builds up. Electricity always finds its lowest point of resistance, so a semiconductor, copper tape or metal braid can spread the charge more evenly. "No application or cable is perfect, so some points on the cable may have a slightly thinner jacket or ground contact, so your resistance points may be lower," Sedivy said. "That's where the charge tries to build up as it tries to find ground potential. Without a conductor shield or an insulating shield, those charges would build up and discharge. This safety mechanism prevents potential electrical discharges from damaging cables, equipment, or worse, causing injury.
Medium voltage cable for automotive
We mentioned that one of the widely used wire and cable types for automotive vehicles is the medium range voltage ones. Knowing the basics of automotive vehicles and wiring is the first step in choosing the right product, especially given the breadth of options available. Read on to learn about the five main components of choosing the right automotive vehicle or wire.
- Materials
Copper and aluminum are the most popular types of automotive wire. The difference between the two is that copper is more conductive, more flexible and less subject to corrosion than aluminum wire. But copper wire is heavier and more subject to price fluctuations at the moment, so you need a good dealer to keep costs down. Aluminum is lighter and cheaper, but less durable and more prone to corrosion or greater resistance over time. 2.Current strength Amperage or "amps" is the total amount of electricity that can flow through a wire. You should know the amperage of every wire that enters your store and be sure to label it clearly, as overloading a wire can be extremely dangerous to both your employees and customers.
- Instrumentation
The next thing you need to pay attention to is the automotive thread gauge. The lower the thread, the thicker the thread. As a rule of thumb, the longer your wire has to go in your design or repair, or the more current you have to flow through it, the lower the gauge should be. For reference, see our 12VDC wire size chart. For help determining the correct battery cable based on voltage requirements, see our battery cable load chart. 
- Connection
There are two types of wire connections for automotive vehicles: soldered and solderless. Solderless connections are usually made using terminals, most commonly crimp terminals. Soldering can be dangerous as it is hot metal, so you should be sure to ask what kind of connections you need.
- Thread color
One of the best ways to organize your shop and make common repair and construction tasks easy is to choose a different color for each type of automotive wire. What is the most typical type of wire used in most automotive applications? The most typical types of wiring used in most automotive applications are automotive cross-link and automotive primary. General purpose high temperature automotive wire is ideal for under-hood automotive wire applications in difficult to install areas. The durable design is highly resistant to moisture, oil, grease, and other harmful solvents. This type of wire is suitable for standard automotive connections and is specified for use in engine compartments where high thermal resistance is required by SAE J1128. The cross-linked structure reinforces the polyethylene insulation for increased durability and resistance to heat and abrasion. Welding cables are designed to connect welding equipment and the ground. It's a high-voltage cable designed for flexibility so welders don't have to drag heavy, rigid cables around while working. The transport, vehicle, and heavy equipment industries have recognized the advantages of the high flexibility, high voltage, and high heat capacity of welded cables and used them as an alternative to battery cables. The battery cable is one of the most important cables in a battery management system as it ensures you have power, continues to perform tasks, and avoids battery drain. When sizing battery cables, refer to the specification sheet to avoid incorrect installation and consider the cable length. Taking the time to make sure you choose the correct length and wire gauge for your battery cable will pay off in the long run. 
Thread type The most typical cable types are automotive crossover cables, primary GPT cables, brake cables, battery cables, marine cables, service cables, shielded cables, trailer cables, and more. Cable type The most typical cable types are: SGT battery cable SGX battery cable SGR battery cable Marine battery cable Parallel battery cables Welding cable EPDM welding cable 
Medium voltage wire for automotive
The medium rate voltage wire and cable are some inseparable components of an electrical system. The electrical system of an automotive vehicle is one of the main components of today's automotive vehicles and has many tasks because many electrical components are used in the technical, safety, and comfort parts of the automotive vehicle over the years, and these components perform their tasks through the electrical system of the automotive vehicle. All types of lights, rails, pumps, and amplifiers depend on the electrical system. Therefore, the system plays a serious and important role in the performance of all parts of the automotive vehicle. But the system itself consists of five main parts: the producer (generator), storage (battery), distributor (automotive vehicle wiring), controller (keys and buttons), and power consumption (vehicle electrical accessories and components). Now we want to know more about distributor parts or automotive vehicle wiring. Automotive vehicle wiring is one of the most important fixed components of electrical systems in all types of vintage and modern vehicles. Depending on the type of automotive vehicle and its electrical components, automotive vehicle wiring can be complex or simple. In this way, the entire electrical system of the automotive vehicle uses wires to distribute the electricity it produces. These vital components act as the body's blood vessels with the help of the heart, pumping blood, and transporting oxygen and nutrients to the body's various organs. The wires also carry the electricity produced by the generator and power all the electrical components. Therefore, without their presence and perfect activity, the electricity generated by the generators would be wasted and useless; moreover, the electrical components of the automotive vehicle would not be able to achieve the required efficiency. Automotive vehicle wiring is part of its electrical system and has various components including:
- Electrical wire;
- Fuse;
- connector
These components are a permanent part of any cabling system in any device. It can even be said that the wiring in the building is also composed of these components. Each of these components must have its own characteristics for optimal performance, durability, and longevity of the automotive vehicle. 
1.Wires in the automotive vehicle's wiring system In addition to transmitting electricity, wiring in an automotive vehicle is sometimes responsible for transmitting information and signals received from sensors or ECUs. As a result, different types of wiring are used in automotive vehicles and work differently. The resistance of each wire must also be chosen based on the current passing through it. A mismatch between the wire and the feed resistance can cause it to melt prematurely. In addition, the wire must have the necessary heat resistance and be of sufficient quality to handle the destructive factors that exist. On this basis, several important parameters are considered for each line, which affect the effectiveness of choosing it. These metrics are: Length The length of a wire is directly related to its resistance. This means that the longer the wire, the higher the resistance. In fact, longer wires have a better chance of heat exchange due to their longer length; but because of their higher resistance, the strength of the current allowed to pass through them is reduced. Material The wires used in automotive vehicle wiring are usually made of copper. The quality of this copper of course has a direct effect on the resistance of the wire, the higher the quality and purity of the copper, the lower the resistance of the wire and the more current it carries. Size (wire diameter) The diameter of a wire is inversely proportional to its resistance. This means that the larger the wire, the lower the resistance and vice versa. Wires in automotive vehicle wiring It is important to choose the right wire. The right wire goes a long way in reducing energy loss, it is important that the current transmitted in the wire is proportional to the needs of the electrical components. Another point is that the outer sheath of the wires in the automotive vehicle is generally made of rubber. Sometimes multiple wires are routed through a soft, flexible plastic tube made of plastic or PVC for more and more complete protection. 
Thread color According to specific rules, each wire color is used for a specific task in automotive wiring to make it easier to identify the wires for each part when repairing and replacing parts. These colors are: Blue (U): suitable for headlights, characterized by a white path under high light and a red path under low light; Red (R): for small front and rear lights; Yellow (Y): The connection between the generator and the fuse box and the charging light wire is marked with this color; Green (G): This color is used for wiring from fuses to battery circuits and powered devices. Green also indicates mains power to rails, (green and white) right rail, (green and blue) left rail, (green and purple) brake light, (green and brown) tail light; White (W): The wires connected to the coil show oil and warning lights. Of course, it cannot be said that these colors are set in stone, but this rule is established by almost all automotive vehicle manufacturers.