Today, kiwi is produced in several countries around the world, mainly in tropical climates. Kiwi fruit that will be discussed in this article by country is a fruit originating from China. It is considered a berry because it grows on vines. The most common type is fuzzy kiwi or Actinidia deliciosa. The ripe fruit is fleshy in size and between 2 and 3 cm long. The skin is brown and fluffy on the outside with pale yellow flesh and small black seeds inside. The taste of kiwi is sweet and slightly sour. Kiwi ingredients Kiwi is usually eaten raw, although some people prefer to eat it in water. Because of its shiny color, it is often used as a decoration for cakes. One of the most popular Kiwi dishes is pavlova, a meringue-based dessert. It is rich in dietary fiber and vitamins C, E, and K. This fruit is also said to have medicinal properties. It has been shown in some studies to reduce asthma, asthma, and other breathing problems. Kiwifruit is also associated with improved digestion in people with gastrointestinal problems. 
History and culture of kiwi fruit Although originally from China, the kiwi was not introduced to New Zealand until the early 20th century. The seeds were first planted in 1906 and bore fruit in 1910. In the 1940s, it was grown commercially in New Zealand. The fruit became popular during World War II among American soldiers stationed here. It was first called kiwi around 1959 and in 1974 it became its exotic name. In fact, the kiwi is also the national bird of New Zealand. In the 1980s, other countries began to produce and export kiwifruit. It takes about seven years for the seedlings to grow and bear fruit. To save time, most trees are grafted onto a tree that has already been pruned. Growers plant 1 male plant for every 3 to 8 female plants to ensure pollination. Once mature, it is harvested by hand with trunks yielding 14,000 to 18,000 pounds per acre, depending on the age of the tree. Production by country China (2.1 million tons) had the highest production of kiwifruit, accounting for 50% of the total production. 
In addition, China's kiwifruit production surpassed that of the world's second-largest producer, Italy (555,000 tonnes) by four. New Zealand (437,000 tons) ranks third in total production with 10%. In China, kiwifruit production increased by +5.4% year-on-year during the period 2007-2018. Other producing countries recorded these average annual growth rates: Italy (+2.6% y/y) and New Zealand (+1.1% y/y). Harvest area 2007-2018 In 2018, the global harvested area of kiwifruit was 260,000 ha, an increase of 5.1% compared to the previous year. Overall, the harvest area as a whole has shown relatively stable volatility from 2007 to 2018, growing at an average annual rate of +4.7% for the past 11 years. However, the behavior of the process showed some potential fluctuations over the period examined. Based on 2018 figures, the area under kiwifruit fell by -6.7% compared to 2016 indices. This growth was most dramatic in 2013 when the yield increased by 29% year-on-year. on the other. 
During the review period, the area cleared for kiwifruit cultivation peaked at 279,000 ha in 2016; however, from 2017 to 2018, the harvested area continued to decline slightly. Global kiwifruit production reached 16 tons per ha in 2018, stabilizing compared to the previous year. However, during the review period, kiwifruit yields continue to show a stable trend. The strongest growth was in 2014 with an increase of 11% per year. During the reference period, the average yield of kiwifruit reached 17 tonnes per ha in 2008; however, from 2009 to 2018, revenues did not recover. Yield 2007-2018 In 2018, global kiwifruit exports totaled 1.4 million tons, down -2.4% from the previous year. The total number of transactions increased by +1.7% per year from 2007 to 2018; process performance remained the same, with only minor changes over the audit period. This pace of growth accelerated in 2015 when leases increased by 22% compared to the previous year. World exports reached 1.7 million tonnes in 2016; from 2017 to 2018, however, exports remained at a low level. 
In terms of value, kiwi fruit sales reached $2.8 billion in 2018 (IndexBox estimates). Globally, companies as a whole experienced significant growth from 2007 to 2018, with profits increasing by +1.7% per year over the past 11 years. The time of year. However, the behavior of the process showed some potential fluctuations over the period examined. Based on 2018 figures, kiwifruit sales increased by +34.1% compared to 2014 indices, growth accelerated in 2008 with a 26% year-on-year increase. Global exports peaked in 2018 and are expected to continue growing for the foreseeable future. Exports New Zealand (417,000 tonnes) and Italy (289,000 tonnes) were the largest exporters of kiwifruit in 2018, accounting for around 29% and 20% of total exports respectively. Chile (183,000 tonnes) topped the list, followed by Greece (135,000 tonnes), Belgium (109,000 tonnes), and Iran (93,000 tonnes). Together, these countries accounted for about 36% of total exports. 
Germany (31,000 tonnes) follows the leaders closely. From 2007 to 2018, the most notable growth rate in terms of exports among major countries was achieved by Iran, while other world leaders showed a much lower growth rate. In terms of value, New Zealand ($1.2 billion) remains the world's largest exporter of kiwifruit, accounting for 42% of global consumption. Number two is Italy ($518 million), which accounts for 18% of world exports. Belgium comes next with 11%. From 2007 to 2018, the average annual inflation rate in New Zealand was +7.0%. The average annual rates in the other countries were as follows: Italy (+2.3% y/y) and Belgium (+2.2% y/y). Export prices by country The average selling price of kiwifruit was $1,994 per tonne in 2018, a 3.8% increase over the previous year. Over the past 11 years, it has grown by an average of +3.2% per year. The biggest increase was in 2014 when the average rent rose by 22% year-on-year. In the reporting period, the average selling prices of kiwifruit were at their peak in 2018, and they are expected to continue to grow in the future as well. 
There were significant differences in key prices between the most important trading countries. In 2018, New Zealand was the most expensive country ($2,885/ton), while Iran ($1,015/ton) was among the lowest. From 2007 to 2018, Iran's prices rose the most, while the growth of other world leaders was modest. Import 2007-2018 In 2018, 1.7 million tons of kiwi were imported worldwide, which is 3.9% more than the previous year. Total imports grew by +3.6% between 2007 and 2018; however, the process indicated that some changes were recorded during the audit period. The growth rate proved to be the fastest in 2015 with an annual growth of 17 percent. International imports peaked in 2018 and are expected to continue to grow in the near future. Imports of kiwifruit were worth $3 billion in 2018 (estimated by IndexBox). Overall, total imports increased significantly from 2007 to 2018: the value has increased by an average of +3.6% per year over the past 11 years. time of year. 
However, the trend model showed that some significant variations were observed during the study period. Based on the 2018 figures, the import of kiwifruit increased by +47.9% compared to the 2013 indices, the highest in 2008, when imports increased by 23% from the previous year. International imports peaked in 2018 and are expected to continue to grow in the near future. Imports by country Spain (221,000 tons), China (182,000 tons), Belgium (156,000 tons), Japan (106,000 tons), Germany (96,000 tons), Australia (79,000 tons), France (78,000 tons), Russia (72,000 tons), the United States (69,000 tons), Italy (48,000 tons), Taiwan, China (42,000 tons) and South Korea (33,000 tons) accounted for approximately 72 percent of the total kiwi export in 2018. From 2007 to 2018, the most significant growth rate of imports among major countries was achieved in China, while the growth rate of other world leaders was more modest. By value, Japan ($371 million), China ($369 million), and Spain ($285 million) produced the largest import volumes in 2018, accounting for a combined 34 percent of world production. Of the major importing countries, China's imports have grown the most in the last year and a half, while the growth of the other world leaders has been modest.
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