Each wire and cable can come in different sizes, qualities, sheaths, and materials which give them their unique specifications and due to these specifications, they are categorized into high, medium, and low voltage wires and cables. A cable that is used to carry electrical energy over a high voltage is referred to as a high-voltage cable. The cores of high voltage cables are often constructed of steel, and the sheathing is typically made of aluminum. Aluminum is not suited for use in the production of cables on its own despite the fact that it is ranked as the fourth best conducting metal behind gold, silver, and copper respectively. Aluminum is overly malleable, and it will stretch excessively when subjected to the weight-related pressure of its own existence. In order to avoid these complications during the manufacturing process of high voltage cables, a steel core that maintains the cable's original shape is utilized. 
Because of the alternating current that flows through the aluminum cladding, the steel core plays almost no significant role at all in this part of the process. Even in DC transmission, the steel core does not perform very well because steel is only the tenth most conductive of all metals. In addition, at various degrees of pressure and temperature change, steel and aluminum go through the process of dimension change, which can finally lead to the cable breaking or tearing. Calcium is the fifth best conductor in the world, and researchers at the Ames Laboratory, which is an agency of the United States Department of Energy, evaluated its use in high-voltage cables in an effort to lower the weight of the cables while simultaneously increasing their strength. Because of this, the weight of the high-voltage cable that is built of the nano-calcium-aluminum composite material is significantly lower than the weight of the steel-core cable that is now in use. Because of the decreased cable weight, there is a need for fewer hangers, which results in an almost 50 percent reduction in the total cost of establishing transmission lines. These cables will be 10 percent more efficient under the direct current than they are under the current system, resulting in a reduction in consumption as well as expenses for power plants that use fossil fuels. In addition to this, the newly developed composite material does not suffer from the issue where the dimensions of the metal change depending on the circumstances. 
The researchers are holding out hope that the price of creating high voltage cables out of the composite material won't be significantly higher than the costs of producing conventional cables at the moment. The architecture of these cables differs depending on the function they are meant to serve. The high voltage cable has a number of marks on it that are used to input its measurements. The cables that are utilized in high voltage substations are separated into three distinct categories: medium-voltage cables, low-voltage cables (such as cables for low-voltage switchboards), and protection system command cables. These categories are established based on the functions that the cables serve as well as the voltage levels that they operate at. When selecting a cable, it is essential to have a solid understanding of its properties, including the type of insulation, the quantity and type of conductors, the conductor's cross-sectional area, and the type of jacket and armor. It is essential to select the appropriate cable and then properly install it. 
High voltage cable specifications
In general, high voltage wire and cable are produced and sold in different models depending on their type of uses, applications, and specifications. The components and general structure of the communication cable we know are quite different from the types of high, medium, and low voltage cables; but in general, it can be said that the cable consists of two main and important parts, conductors and insulators. The function and application of the cable is the primary factor that determines its characteristics. In point of fact, it is the function and application of the cable that determines its shape, gender, cross section, and the number of conductors and insulators, and these distinctions are the basis for the classification of the cable. The only thing that differentiates one type of high voltage cable from another is the design concept of the cable and the type of cable that is used for a given application. The method of manufacturing and production of various types of high voltage cables is the same in almost all production facilities around the world. Organizing the various types of high voltage cables
- A high voltage gas cable of the SF6 kind
- High-pressure oil cable: A- cable for low-pressure oil B- cable for high-pressure oil
- Low pressure oil cable
When the cable is heated, the surplus oil travels through the cable channel and into an expansion tank that is positioned at the end of the cable. This form of the high-voltage cable has the cable wrapped and insulated with paper that has been saturated with thin oil. When oil is added, the air cushion inside this tank catches it and brings the pressure of the oil inside the tank up to a higher level. The oil will remain in the expansion tank in this manner until the internal pressures in both the cable and the expansion source have been brought to a state of equilibrium in accordance with the physical rules. After the high voltage cable has cooled down completely, the higher pressure expansion source will finally begin to provide the cable with oil, which will then flow into the cable. The constant heating and cooling of the compressed cable, which results in a back-and-forth operation, stops the formation of voids inside the cable. Take note that the resistance of the low oil pressure cable is almost twice or even three times lower than the resistance of the oil cable. 
- Cable for high pressure oil transmission
Each wire in this sort of oil-treated cable, which is a type of high-voltage cable that is frequently used, is coated with paper that has been combined with heavy oil. This coating then prevents oil from escaping while also preventing moisture and air from entering the cable. Copper tape and plastic tape are used to wrap the coils extremely tightly. Finally, the air inside the steel pipe is evacuated and diluted with oil to a pressure that is equal to 16 kPa per psi. cm in order to prevent the cable from being damaged when it is inserted into the steel pipe. This is done to prevent the cable from being damaged when it is inserted into the steel pipe. Different varieties of high-voltage SF6 gas wires
- A) Internal pressure aluminum tube cable
- b) Cable that contains an internal pressure and has a steel tube
- c) External pressure cables and steel pipes
- d) A gas cable that has been sealed and is filled with SF6 gas
The type of high voltage cable that is used the most frequently. armored cable made of copper and aluminum cables with a single strand, with a maximum of five strands, that operate between 0 and 0.6 kV and between 0.6 and 1 kV Straightforward and fortified Copper and aluminum crossover cables operating at 20 and 36 kV Cables for communication on the ground and in the air Compression cable varieties used for networks and coaxial transmissions All varieties of high-voltage cables, including those that are resistant to oil and fire. 
High voltage wire specifications
Wire and cable are very similar to each other but in fact, there are some differences as well. In general, a cable can consist of more than a wire and conductor. High voltage cable and wire are widely used to transmit electrical energy in installations with nominal voltages higher than 30 kV from power plants to a central network or primary distribution network and are used for burial in the ground or in channels.
- Armored high voltage cable and wire
High-voltage cables are used to transmit electrical energy in installations with nominal voltages higher than 30 kV from power plants to a central network or primary distribution network and are used for burial in the ground or in channels. The cable armor can withstand external mechanical forces.
- Lead and armored high voltage cables and wires
High-voltage cables are used to transmit electrical energy in installations with nominal voltages higher than 30 kV from power plants to a central network or primary distribution network and are used for burial in the ground or in channels. The cable armor can withstand external mechanical forces. Its lead form is stable in environments containing hydrocarbons, solvents, and corrosives. 
- High voltage insulated cable and wire (XLPE)
A fascinating new market for interim power transmission solutions utilizing molded cable technology has emerged as a result of the reorganization of the market for energy storage and the widespread rise in knowledge that has taken place in recent years. At the same time, developments in a variety of disciplines, such as the creation of applications made of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), allow cable insulation systems that can withstand voltages of up to 500 kV. Applications for today's cable systems are frequently more user-friendly than those offered by airlines. The continued development of high voltage insulation systems has given ABB an innovative position in high voltage direct voltage. While new industrial methods have made it possible to align submarine cables with optical fibers and provide longer flexible splices than in the past, these advancements are not as significant as ABB's ability to provide longer flexible splices. The high-power infrastructure of today's contemporary power transformers includes cable lines with voltages of 220 kilovolts and higher. All of this is included, but it is vital for the provider to ensure a very dependable display system because there is a significant electrical demand at such high voltage levels in order for the cables and accessories to be properly coordinated. This is a crucial responsibility that the provider must complete. 
The already well-established trend of using less insulation will likely continue, which will lead to thinner cables with higher ratings, longer ambient linear lengths, simpler installation, smaller joints, thermal shrinkage and expansion, and a reduction in the amount of insulation that is utilized. Due to the expertise obtained during the process of developing EHV-XLPE (Extra High Voltage XLPE) cables, as well as the development of remarkable XLPE materials, processes, and services, it was possible to reduce the thickness of these cables to 15-12 mm for 132 kV lines.
- The quality of the materials and production
ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 certifications have been earned by every product offered by ABB that pertains to high voltage cables and accessories. Dry industrial materials are used in the construction of the cores of XLPE cables. Compressed conductive layers are utilized in the construction of cable insulation systems. It goes through three stages of compression in a sterile environment to make it suitable for insulators and conductive materials. 
- Power Derived From High Voltage (HVDC)
1997 marked the beginning of the use of a high voltage DC power source. An additional ABB invention takes place below ground. It is equipped with cutting-edge technology for high voltage cables. HVDC cables are primarily laid underwater and are utilized to deliver high-capacity power over extensive distances. An insulation technique that was based on paper that had been covered with a little viscous oil was used in older cable technologies. Because of the numerous practical benefits offered by these wires. The production method is laborious, and the end result is susceptible to damage from mechanical stress. The industry has been hunting for a compressed high-voltage direct current (HVDC) cable for AC systems for a very long time. In order to facilitate power transmission over HVDC cable structures, ABB's HVDC power introduces a high voltage cable system that is equipped with brand new transistors and converters.