"The beauty of a woman does not lie in any kind of exaggeration in the specialized sectors, in the world of fashion a pair of high sandals will keep the arch of the feet tied on the footwear. - John Updike's collection of short stories titled "Pigeon Feathers and Other Stories" The wearing of high heels by women is a phenomena that is widespread in both emerging civilizations and contemporary nations. It is estimated that more than $8 million is spent each year on trendy footwear in the United States alone. Several researchers have generated ideas concerning the function of women's high heels in their studies. These theories propose everything from a media-induced link between high heels and sexual activity to the notion that high heels influence certain biomechanical characteristics of women's walking. These researchers, on the other hand, either did not put their thoughts to an empirical test or came to the conclusion that the reasons why women wear high heels do not suggest a hypothesis in their study. In a nutshell, despite the fact that women are almost always seen wearing high heels, the reasoning behind why they do so is not completely understood. 
New studies conducted by Lewis and colleagues might provide light on a phenomena that has so far defied explanation. Lewis et al. looked at an adaptive challenge that only bipedal hominins experience, which is the transfer of the anterior center of mass during pregnancy, as well as the evolution of the morphological adaptation that was required to solve this adaptive challenge, which was the third to last lumbar vertebra. The researchers came to the conclusion that ancient women who had a moderate degree of spinal curvature experienced important fitness benefits. These benefits included the ability to withstand multiple pregnancies without experiencing any damage to the spinal cord and the ability to forage for food for a longer period of time. In turn, the fitness gains experienced by these females generate the selecting circumstances for the formation of male mate preference for such females. This preference is shown to be held by males. For our grandmothers, a woman's vertebral wedge could be reliably determined by the curve of her waist, which was obvious to them. Accordingly, Lewis and colleagues hypothesize that males have an evolved mate preference for a waist angle of less than 45.5 degrees. This value reflects the ability to move the center of gravity backward above the hips while at the same time avoiding the adaptive problems associated with excessive lumbar curvature. 
Inadequate lumbar curvature. In support of their theory, Lewis et al. discovered that the best angle to aid female grandparents decrease the biomechanical costs of carrying a baby on two legs and the possibility for hyperplasia and hyperplasia was the angle at which male-female attraction reached its highest point. If the curvature of the waist is a significant predictor of beauty and women have psychological processes to enhance their physical appearance, then it is reasonable to suppose that women would strive to control their waist curvature in ways that increase their perceived attractiveness. Researchers interested in biomechanics and ergonomics have independently hypothesized that wearing high heels results in an increased curvature of the lumbar spine. When taken together, these thoughts give rise to a novel theory about the reasons why women wear high heels: Playing with the curvature of a woman's waist while wearing high heels may be a great way for a woman to enhance her appeal. In order to put this idea to the test, we carried out two separate investigations, one of which used archive photographs obtained from the internet, and the other of which used a controlled laboratory setting. High heels and a cinched waist are a must. The facts that have been gathered thus far addressing the connection between high heels and a curved waist have been inconclusive. They were predicated on low-validity measurements and tiny samples to begin with. 
Therefore, despite the widespread belief that wearing heels with a higher heel height is connected with a larger curvature of the waist, there is a lack of credible data to support this connection. As a result, the primary purpose of this research was to explore whether or not wearing high-heeled shoes is associated with an increased degree of waist curvature. Stilettos, curves, and a touch of magic The relevance of waist curvature as an indication of beauty was shown by the research conducted by Lewis and colleagues; however, to this day, no study has investigated the relationship between female waist curvature and the wearing of high heels. As a result, the second primary goal of Study 1 was to ascertain whether or not women are seen as being more beautiful when they are dressed in an outfit that includes high heels. On the Internet, photographs of ladies wearing both high-heeled and flat-soled shoes were retrieved from websites that are accessible to the general public and saved. We used a within-woman design because individual differences in physical attractiveness are large enough to make it impossible to detect any between-individual effects of high-heeled shoes on attractiveness. 
Because of this, we had to search the internet for pictures of the same lady taken twice, once when she was wearing heels and once while she was wearing flats. In addition to that, we wanted to be able to evaluate the lumbar curvature of the ladies, which can only be evaluated from the profile shot taken from the side. As a result of these constraints, celebrity women became an ideal source of data. There was a sufficiently large selection of photographs of celebrity women available on the internet, allowing for the identification of two photographs of each woman, once in heels and once in flats, and both in profile. These photographs could be found on the internet. After doing a search on Google for each celebrity, we chose the first profile photograph that appeared of the lady wearing heels and the first image that appeared wearing flats. As a consequence of completing this process for 15 unique female celebrities (the full list is available upon request), we ended up with a total of 30 photographs to use as a stimulus set.
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