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Today, in this article, we are going to talk about Golden apple fruit in India cultivation in tropical climates.
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In India, the cultivation process of apple fruits known as the golden variety is possible in tropical climates as long as the temperature does not drop below 12 degrees Celsius at any point during the year.
The requirement for cooling has nothing to do with this situation.
The plant that was previously known as "deciduous" transforms into evergreen and continues to thrive throughout the entire year.
Even if the flavor of these apples might not compare to that of apples from Kotgarh or Kinnaur, they will still be able to be sold and will bring in revenue.
The farmer's primary objective is not to take first place in competitions but rather to turn his orchard into a source of revenue for him and his family.
Apples are typically considered to be a fruit that grows best in cooler climates.
Its beginnings can be traced back to the mountainous regions of Central Asia, specifically Kazakhstan.
The farming of these plants first appeared in the ice-covered parts of the earth.
This has been going on for hundreds of years.
Apples, a fruit that thrives in temperate climates, have also begun to be cultivated in the state of Himachal Pradesh.
On the other hand, things are starting to look up now that fruit researchers have made it possible to cultivate apples in other regions as well.
Because of this, it is no longer merely a fruit that grows in temperate climates.
Apple trees can now be cultivated in climates that were previously inhospitable to them.
Apple trees may be found growing all throughout India, not just in urban areas such as Delhi and Chandigarh, but also in tropical regions such as Karnataka and Kerala.
The region of Batu in Indonesia, which is situated on the equator, has proven to be an ideal environment for the cultivation of apples.
Growers have become so skilled in their craft that they are now able to harvest two crops from a single tree in a single year, and they can do so at any time of the year that is most convenient for them.
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Apple orchards have recently been established in a number of African countries, including Uganda, Zambia, Kenya, and Rwanda.
As a result, apple farming is not what it was like 80 years ago in any respect.
Since the beginning of the last century, people in Himachal Pradesh have been making an effort to bring apple farming to regions with moderate winters.
At Bagthan, a research facility has been established solely for the purpose of identifying apple cultivars that are suitable for growing in low-elevation areas (Sirmaur).
In the middle of the 1960s, researchers began a study with fifty different types, some of which required less chilling than others.
These low-chilling cultivars were from both Israel and the United States.
This project piqued the interest of the former Chief Minister of HP, Dr.Y.S.Parmar, who is originally from this location.
The university of horticulture, which bears his name, made the difficult decision to close down this station, which meant that the work could not proceed any further.
Deciduous trees, which include apple trees and other types of trees that lose their leaves each winter, get their name from the fact that they undergo this seasonal change.
As soon as autumn arrives, the trees begin to go through a series of intricate physiological transitions, at which point they lose their leaves and stop growing.
When the temperature begins to rise throughout the spring, the cycle of growth and reproduction begins once more.
"Dormancy" is the term used to refer to this state of inactivity.
It is an arrangement made by nature for the purpose of safeguarding trees during the winter months.
These trees have to be put in an environment with temperatures lower than 7 degrees Celsius or 45 degrees Fahrenheit for a predetermined amount of time, which is recorded in hours.
It is only after this point that their dormancy will be broken, and spring growth will begin again.
The amount of time spent in this environment also referred to as the "chilling hours," differs from one variety to the next.
There is a wide range of apple varieties, each with its own specific demand for the amount of time spent in the refrigerator (150-1,500 hours).
Because of the relatively mild winters, lower-lying regions have fewer chilly hours than higher-lying regions, which experience more.
Therefore, we need types that just require a shorter period of time to be chilled for places with lower temperatures.
The Royal Delicious apple requires between 900 and 1,000 hours of cooling time before it can be consumed.
It is now possible to effectively cultivate apples not just everywhere in the state of Himachal Pradesh, but also in some regions of the states of Punjab and Haryana.
Due to the fact that apples grown in these regions begin ripening one month earlier in June, consumers are willing to pay a higher premium for them.
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Another advantage is that these trees begin giving fruit as early as the third year, even when they are planted on seedling rootstock.
Consequently, the amount of time spent waiting is really short.
Apples can also be grown in tropical climates, as long as there is "no winter" and the temperature never drops below 12 degrees Celsius.
This is one of the requirements for successful apple cultivation.
Any variety, even those requiring a high level of chilling, such as Russian or Canadian types, will be able to grow in this environment because the chilling requirement is irrelevant.
The once "deciduous" apple plant transforms into evergreen and maintains its steady rate of growth throughout the year.
Midway through the month of February, after the plants have fulfilled their entire chilling requirement, they are removed from the nurseries in Himachal Pradesh where they were grown.
This allows the goal to be accomplished.
After that, they are transferred via airlift to their new location in Karnataka, where they are planted within three to four days.
As a result of the fact that these plants have already fulfilled the chilling requirement at the nursery, they can immediately begin growing in Karnataka or any other location that has a climate that is comparable.
Because these locations do not experience winter, plants do not enter a state of "dormancy" and do not lose their leaves.
Instead, they continue to put on new growth throughout the year because they do not experience seasonal changes.
The previously "deciduous" apple tree transforms into a "evergreen" tree, just like other tropical trees, and maintains its flowering and fruiting cycles throughout the year.
The flowering process is then controlled by defoliation, and the grower is able to harvest the fruits at a time that is most convenient for them.
From a single tree, it is possible to harvest not one but two different crops.
The growth of apples using this method has been tried and found to be successful in a number of locations in the Indian states of Karnataka, Maharashtra, Goa, and Kerala.
At this time, tens of thousands of fresh trees are being planted throughout these regions.
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