Ceramic tiles are categorized in accordance with UNE Standard 67-087. (EN 87). The commonly used definitions, classification, traits, and marking specifications for ceramic wall and floor tiles are provided by this European standard. Additionally, ceramic tiles come in the form of mosaics, slabs, pavers, and swimming pool parts, as well as the accompanying accessories (edge, corner and skirting tiles, beads, and other pieces). Unless otherwise stated in the applicable product standard, this standard only applies to top grade commercial tile (first quality). However, the European Federation of Ceramic Tile Manufacturers has agreed on a definition of the traits of several grades of ceramic tile. The European EN standards categorize ceramic tiles into different classes and specify the attributes that must be managed as well as the acceptable tolerances for each. Some features' boundaries are undefined and are the consequence of a manufacturer-buyer agreement. With the participation of the following nations: Italy, Spain, France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Belgium, and Austria, work on the European norms for ceramic tile began in 1973. 
Porous ceramic goods were assimilated as materials for use in wall tiling (which was the principal use) and in certain cases as interior floor coverings within the home during that time since the manufacturing process was the conventional twice firing with long firing cycles. The classification used in the regulations, which relied on water absorption, implied that ceramic tiles with a high water absorption capacity (greater than 10%) were recommended for interior wall tiling and tiles with a low water absorption capacity were suitable for exterior and interior paving and exterior wall tiling. The body of the European standards was created in accordance with the time's predominant usage, testing procedures, and technical requirements for these ceramic items. There were advancements in ceramic product adaptation to service conditions along with corresponding advancements in test methods and studies on the durability of ceramic tiles under particular service conditions as the manufacturing process was further optimized and the uses for ceramic tile diversified. One such development is the ISO standard for ceramic tiles, along with all the unique specifications that different businesses use to evaluate their products for various uses. Currently, any ceramic tile will work for a particular purpose if a number of service conditions are satisfied. As a result, as was already mentioned, consideration must also be given to the installation environment when selecting ceramic wall or floor tiles because the environment specifies some of the standards that these materials must meet. First off, there are a number of standards that don't take into account the needs of particular uses because the classification and the variables are tied to the conditions of the production process. basic benchmark (EN 87). This standard categorizes ceramic tiles based on their ability to absorb water rather than their potential uses, implying that materials with a lower ability to do so will display more mechanical qualities, which is also the case with product standards (EN 121, EN 186, EN 187, EM 188, EN 176, EN 177, EN 178 and EN 159). Test Standards. Measurement of size and surface quality (EN 98). The specified dimensional tolerances in this standard depend on the size of the tiles. Since dimensional variations are higher for bigger tile sizes, they do not meet service standards. Calculating the modulus of rupture (EN 100) links the thickness of the ceramic tile to the value of bending strength. Therefore, the bending strength value specified by this standard increases with decreasing thickness, which may cause confusion for the tile fixer or the end user and pose a challenge for any attempts to modify the standard to meet service needs. Another group of European standards cannot actually be compared to outcomes obtained under service conditions or are rather undemanding because the procedures for determination differ significantly from actual actions, and they do not adjust to the requirements for specific uses. The following laws are included in this category: Evaluation of deep abrasion resistance. glazed-less tiles (EN 102). By measuring the length of the groove created by a rotating disc under predetermined conditions, using alumina as the abrasive material, the method evaluates the abrasion resistance in unglazed ceramic tiles. It does not seem to be simple to develop a correlation between the outcomes of abrasion by a revolving disc and the actual abrasion arising as a result of foot activity. The method of determination does not replicate the genuine action of surface wear in unglazed ceramic tiles. Evaluating surface abrasion resistance. polished tiles (EN 154). By rotating an abrasive load over the surface of the glazed tile and examining the abraded surface visually, the method assesses the resistance to surface abrasion. In contrast to visual assessment, which is a subjective measurement of the changes the ceramic tile goes through, the method of determination fails to replicate the actual action of surface wear in glazed ceramic tiles (10) (11) (12). (gloss, color, roughness, stainable surface, etc.) The measurement of crazing resistance (EN 105). Whole tiles are placed in an autoclave under high pressure (5 kg/em) to test their resistance to crazing. After the autoclave, the tiles are examined after the glazed face has been dyed. The test is seen to be relatively simple, and multiple instances of actual crazing have been found in wall tiles that have been put and have passed this crazing resistance test. This is because the pieces within the autoclave bend readily, which does not occur in reality when tiles are fitted. Analysis of frost resistance (EN 202). The process involves exposing tiles that have been impregnated with water to 50 cycles of freezing and thawing at temperatures ranging from +15 to –15 °C. There have been examples of ceramic tiles cracking due to frost after being exposed to the actual ambient temperature after having passed this test, which shows that the typical process for impregnating tiles with water is not stringent. As one of the pioneers in ceramic tile supplying and exporting, it will be our pleasure to work with traders and importers from any country.
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