Bitumen solubility test and procedure

The percentage of soluble bitumen content in an organic solvent can be determined with the help of a procedure called the solubility test of bitumen.

In addition, the purity of the bitumen can be determined using this test.

In order to carry out the solubility test, bitumen will first need to be dissolved in a particular solvent.

After that, the mixture goes through a filter.

After that, insoluble substances are washed, allowed to dry, and then subjected to a weighing procedure.

The term bitumen solubility refers to a measurement of the amount of bitumen that can be dissolved in the solvent.

For this particular test, a variety of solvents may be utilized.

Carbon disulfide and trichloroethylene are probably the most well-known examples.

Despite this, the use of carbon disulfide in modern times is becoming increasingly uncommon due to the high flammability of the substance.

In addition, recent research has demonstrated that exposure to trichloroethylene can lead to the development of cancer, and it has also been linked to the depletion of the ozone layer.

consequence of this, it is feasible to use a solvent that is less hazardous in place of trichloroethylene.

It is possible to ascertain the level of purity of bitumen by subjecting it to a solubility test.

For a road construction project to be of high quality, it is imperative that the bitumen used must be of high quality and free of impurities.

Because the presence of impurities makes bitumen less useful in its intended applications.

We are unable to produce an asphalt that is both consistent and stable because the bitumen binder that we use is less than 99 percent soluble in trichloroethylene.

But it’s constantly tried to refine bitumen in higher solubility to have the best performance in every field applied.

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Solubility Test- Procedure

the solubility test is performed through a standard and precise procedure which is explained thoroughly below.

Put two grams of the sample into a 125-milliliter Erlenmeyer flask until it is half full.

After the sample has reached room temperature, it will be weighed.

Put the letter B before this group of words.

Next, carefully pour 100 milliliters of trichloroethylene into the bottle.

Make sure the container is always being stirred while the solvent is being added.

When the bitumen has completely dissolved, put the lid on the flask and leave it for 15 minutes.

Put the crucible with the Gooch in it in the tube for filtering.

To meet the requirements, trichloroethylene must be used to wet the glass fiber pad.

The solution went smoothly through the glass fiber.

Add a solvent to the Gooch crucible to get rid of the things that won't dissolve.

As soon as the solvent has lost its color, it should be sucked up with a suction tool.

Take away the crucible that has the Gooch in it and wash the insoluble matter again.

can use a steam bath or an oven to dry it.

Put the Gooch crucible in an oven set to 110°C for 20 minutes.

The trichloroethylene should evaporate during this time.

Let the Gooch crucible get cold in a desiccator for 30 minutes.

Last but not least, figure out how much it weighs and call it C.

With the following equations, you can figure out how much of the matter is soluble and how much is not: Insoluble matter (%) = [(C-A)/B] *100 Soluble matter (%) = [(B-(C-A)/B)] *100 A as the mass of crucible and filter B as the mass of the sample C as the mass of crucible, filter, and insoluble material

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Solubility Test Apparatus

The primary objective of the solubility test is to restrict the amount of coke and/or mineral matter that is present in the bitumen.

this test is performed by some laboratory apparatus and equipment.

These apparatuses include Gooch Crucible, Glass Fiber rubber tubing, Filter Flask, Filter Tube, Rubber Tubing stopper, Erlenmeyer Flask, Oven, and Desiccator.

Measuring solubility necessitates precise temperature and composition control in liquid and solid phases, preferably with the ability to generate a large amount of data in a short period of time.

Because of how straightforward the examination is, the vast majority of approaches are extremely comparable to one another and almost exactly the same.

The term bitumen refers to a substance that can be dissolved in trichloroethylene.

Previously, it was defined as having a solubility in carbon disulfide; however, since the utilization of this solvent calls for unusually stringent safety measures, it is not utilized very frequently.

Because of the characteristics of the product, it is necessary to make use of particularly harsh solvents.

Some examples of these include carbon, disulfide, benzene, dichloromethane, trichloroethane, trichloroethylene, and toluene.

There is a lot of pressure to replace trichloroethylene with an aromatic hydrocarbon like toluene or xylene because people are worried about the toxicity of halogenated hydrocarbons.

Toluene and xylene are two examples.

After dissolving the sample in the solvent, it is passed through a layer of powdered glass that has been laid down in a sintered crucible.

Material that is insoluble is washed, dried, and then weighed.

Because of the solubility of modified bitumen, it might be necessary to use a different method or a mixture of solvents in order to guarantee that the bitumen and the polymer additive will be completely dissolved.

Loss on Heating Test of Bitumen

Bitumen is frequently used as a binder in the construction of pavements.

Bitumen will become more solid when exposed to air because the volatiles in it will evaporate.

As a result, the Loss on Heating Test of Bitumen is performed to determine the value of this specific parameter for the bitumen sample.

To obtain precise results from the bitumen loss on heat test, the following precautions must be observed: The loss of bitumen on heating should be repeated twice.

If the sample contains water, it should only be evaluated in that state. The oven temperature must be maintained at 163 degrees Celsius.

Calibrate the hot air oven, analytical balance, penetrometer, and water bath after some time has passed.

Stir the bituminous material after receiving it.

Soften the sample if necessary. Heat the containers for 30 minutes at 100-110 °C, then cool to room temperature before weighing.

Cool a sample of the thoroughly mixed material.

Make two samples. Weigh the sample and the container to the nearest 0.1 gram, then subtract the weight of the container to get W1.

The sample is 50 0.5 grams in weight.

To compare penetration, place the sample in a penetrometer cup. Determine the penetration value of IS: 1203-1978.

Preheat the oven to 163 1 °C.

After placing the sample on the central perforated shelf, close the oven. Maintain 163 1 °C for 5 hours after the oven reaches the specified temperature.

The total time in the oven should not exceed 5 hours and 15 minutes. Turn on the motor and rotate the perforated plate 5-6 times per minute.

Allow samples to cool to room temperature.

W2 sample weight of 0.1 gram Using IS: 1211-1978, determine the water content of the sample.

Calculate the weight loss due to heating using the above data.

Bake for 5 minutes with the containers on the perforated shelf.

If a penetration test is to be performed, mix the samples and keep them liquid on a hotplate.

Using a penetrometer, determine the depth of penetration.

Less than previously.

Astm D 2042

ASTM stands for The Standard Test Method for Determining Whether Asphalt Materials Are Solubilized in Trichloroethylene or Toluene.

The D and 2042 in this standard determine specific values that will further be explained.

This method of testing is used to determine the degree to which asphalt materials with little or no mineral matter are soluble in trichloroethylene or toluene.

The results of this test can be used in the production of asphalt products.

This standard is published with the fixed designation D2042; the number after the designation shows the year of the original adoption or, if it has been revised, the year of the most recent revision.

The year of the most recent reapproval is indicated by a number enclosed in parentheses.

The addition of epsilon in the superscript indicates that an editorial change has been made since the document's most recent revision or reapproval.

The use of this standard across the Department of Defense's various agencies has been given the green light.

Tars and the residues left over from their distillation, as well as highly cracked petroleum products, cannot be processed using this method.

Test Methods D4, D2318, and D2764 are utilized in the processes that cover the use of tars, pitches, and other highly ruptured petroleum products, in addition to the use of other solvents.

This standard does not purport to address all of the potential safety concerns that are associated with the use of its product in any way.

Prior to using this standard, it is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations.

Bitumen Test List

There are a few different tests that can be used to evaluate the characteristics of bituminous materials.

In order to evaluate various aspects of the properties of bituminous materials, the following test list is typically carried out.

Penetration It measures the depth in tenths of a millimeter that a loaded needle can penetrate in 5 seconds.

BIS standardized equipment and testing.

The test temperature is 250C. Hot climates prefer lower penetration grades.

Ductility Bitumen's ductility allows for deformation and elongation.

Ductility is the distance in cm a sample or briquette can be elongated without breaking.

BIS specifies 75 cm minimum ductility.

Softening point Softening point is the temperature at which bitumen softens under test conditions.

In hot climates, a higher softening point indicates lower temperature susceptibility.

Specific gravity Bitumen's specific gravity is the ratio of its mass to that of an equal volume of water at 270C.

In paving, density helps classify binders. When used with aggregates, bitumen is converted to volume using a density.

Bitumen's specific gravity is 0.97-1.02. Viscosity Viscosity measures the flow resistance of bituminous materials.

High viscosity resists compaction effort, resulting in a heterogeneous mix and low stability.

Low viscosity lubricates aggregate particles instead of forming a uniform film over them.

Flash/ Fire point Bitumen grades leave volatiles at high temperatures.

These volatiles catch fire, which is dangerous, so the temperature must be qualified for each bitumen grade.

The fire point is the lowest test temperature at which bituminous material burns.

Float Bitumen can be measured by penetration or viscosity.

But for some consistencies, Float test is used. The bitumen-testing apparatus consists of an aluminum oat and a brass collar.

The cooled specimen is screwed into an oat. The oat value is the time required for water to pass through the specimen plug at 500C.

Water content Minimum water content in bitumen prevents foaming when heated above water's boiling point.

Mixing a known weight of bitumen with a water-free petroleum distillate, heating, and distilling the water determines the water content.

The maximum water content is 0.2%. Loss on heating Bitumen hardens when heated.

50gr of the sample is weighed and heated to 1630C for 5 hours in a test oven.

After heating, the sample is weighed again, and weight loss is expressed as a percentage.

Specific Gravity of Bitumen

Specific gravity is expressed as the ratio of the mass of a given volume of bitumen or other bituminous material to the weight of an equal volume of water, both at 270 degrees Celsius.

APPARATUS Specific gravity bottle with a capacity of 50 mL, normal capillary type with a neck diameter of 6 mm or broad-mouthed capillary type with a neck diameter of 25 mm, and a minimum count of 1g PROCEDURE In addition to the stopper, the bottle of specific gravity is cleaned, dried, and weighed.

It is filled with fresh distilled water, sealed, and left in the water container at 270 degrees Celsius for at least half an hour.

The Answer to Two Questions About Bitumen solubility

1: What are the 3 types of solubility?

solutes are categorized into highly soluble, sparingly soluble or insoluble.

2: What is solubility of bitumen?

It refers to a measurement of the amount of bitumen that can be dissolved in the solvent.