Residues from the distillation of properly chosen crude oils are the primary elements in the production of bitumen. During refining, the lighter components of bitumen are separated from the remainder. Depending on the crude source and available processing capabilities, specification bitumen is manufactured using a variety of techniques. A combination of methods is commonly selected. The figure illustrates an overview of the most important refinery processes. 
The most common refining method is a direct reduction from crude or a crude mixture utilizing air and vacuum distillation. In the illustration, atmospheric distillation is used to separate lighter petrochemical and fuel fractions from the non-boiling component at the bottom, known as the atmospheric residue. Other refinery units get lighter fractions, which include gas oil and fuel oils. Bitumen is taken from the residue of the atmosphere. The air residue is placed in a vacuum distillation unit in order to eliminate the last traces of the lighter fractions and prevent the molecular rearrangement caused by heat. The decrease in pressure decreases boiling temperatures and prevents the unfavorable thermal fracturing of molecules. Oxidation By blowing air through bitumen at high temperatures, its physical properties can be altered for commercial use. Based on the degree of oxidation, oxidized bitumen is divided into two categories: air rectified and oxidized. At room temperature, oxidized bitumen has a certain fluidity and a stretchy nature, which affects how it responds to stress or imprint. The oxidation process increases bitumen's rigidity and softening point and drastically modifies its key physical properties. The extent of the reaction is affected by the duration of the oxidation or air-blowing process, resulting in various end products. Oxidized bitumen is used for roofing, whereas air rectified bitumen is employed for pavement and some roofing applications. Blending The final bitumen product can be generated either directly during the refining process or by blending bitumen with varied physical properties. Higher and lower viscosity wastes can be blended in the required proportions at the refinery, terminals, or a third-party facility where the blend components and final products can be transported and distributed with ease. 
bitumen manufacturing process pdf
Bitumen is most often produced and manufactured by atmospheric then vacuum distillation process of crude oil or a crude mix. Straight-run bitumen is widely used for pavement. This process is described in many scientific books which are also available in pdf form on the internet. The following passage describes the manufacturing process of bitumen. Heating crude oil to 300 to 350oC separates lighter fractions from non-boiling components. The air residue is transported to a vacuum distillation machine to separate the lighter fractions. The decreased pressure decreases boiling temperatures and eliminates thermal molecular breaking. Pressure and temperature in the vacuum process determine residuum hardness and bitumen grade. Changing vacuum distillation variables can make bitumen with different viscosity or hardness degrees. how much bitumen is produced and used each year in the world bitumen is growing to be one of the most demanded products that are produced, used, and sold in recent years all over the world. There are a number of records and reports on the amount of consumed bitumen each year to estimate the total growth of the market and the value of this product. Bitumen, which is also called tar or pitch, can be found naturally at the bottom of very old lakes. They are used a lot in construction because they are good at keeping water out and sticking things together. Bitumen is made up of complex hydrocarbons and other things like iron, sulfur, calcium, and oxygen. 
Bitumen is also used to pave roads, and most roads today are either made of bitumen alone or a mix of aggregates and bitumen. Also, because it keeps things from getting wet, it is used to make roofing materials. By the end of 2019, the global bitumen market is expected to be worth US$ 81,304.0 Mn and have a volume of 126,947.0 Kilo Tons. The market for bitumen is likely to get bigger as more people in developing countries want better roads and better ways to build them. The market for bitumen is expected to grow because of the growth of the modern construction system and the growing use of advanced building materials. The growth of the bitumen market is also expected to be helped by the growing need for paving applications in both developing and developed regions. The market for bitumen is expected to grow because of the growing demand for bitumen adhesives in surfacing, cold-applied bonding, and sealing applications. People often use cold-applied bonding to glue roofing felts to asbestos and tiles. This is expected to help the bitumen market grow. The growth of the bitumen market is also expected to be sped up by the growing need for bitumen to protect electric cables and seal them. 
how bitumen is manufactured
In order to be able to purchase the best bitumen, it’s essential to know how is this material manufactured. The crude oil is pumped from storage tanks at a temperature of approximately 60 degrees Celsius through a heat exchanger system. Once inside the heat exchanger, the temperature of the crude oil is typically raised to 200 degrees Celsius by exchanging heat obtained from the cooling of newly created products during the refining process. After being brought to temperatures of around 300 degrees Celsius in a furnace, the crude is then partially evaporated in an atmospheric distillation column. This is when the components are separated into their constituent parts in a physical sense. The lighter components rise to the top of the column, while the heavier components, which represent the air residue, fall to the bottom. 
These heavier components then go through a second heat exchanger before being processed in a vacuum distillation column. The final step in the production of bitumen is the vacuum distillation or vacuum flashing of the air residue that is left over from a vacuum distillation column. This type of bitumen is referred to as "straight run bitumen." The manufacture of bitumen using this method is referred to as straight-run vacuum distillation. An additional method for the manufacture of bitumen involves the precipitation of bitumen from residual fractions by the use of propane or butane-solvent DE asphalting. The sort of crude oil that is processed, in addition to the technique of operation in either the vacuum unit or the solvent DE asphalting unit, both have a role in determining the properties that are possessed by the bitumen that is produced as a result. The grade of the bitumen is determined by the quantity of volatile material that is still present in the product; the harder the residual bitumen is, the smaller the number of volatiles that is present in the product. The process of refining oil results in a number of byproducts, one of which is a bitumen. However, bitumen professionals view bitumen not as a byproduct but as a complex and sophisticated construction material. 
properties of bitumen
The crude oil known as bitumen is of low quality and is composed of complex and heavy compounds depending on whether it’s naturally made or artificially manufactured, has different properties. In an oil reservoir, bitumen is a thick and viscous fluid that needs to be extracted from the ground. To eliminate it and make it into a better product requires a significant amount of heat as well as labor. Even though it is difficult to extract bitumen from the ground, the substance can sometimes make its way to the surface of the Earth as a result of petroleum spills. Seeps are areas on the surface of the earth that allow fossil fuels and other petroleum products to seep out of the ground rather than being trapped underneath. At these seeps, pools of bitumen, asphalt, and tar can be found bubbling to the surface. In addition, bitumen is the key element of oil sands that may be converted into fossil fuels. The combination of bitumen with asphaltenes results in the production of a solid that may be utilized for paving roads. Each of the parts that make up a bitumen must have some effect on the properties of the bitumen as a whole.
- The part of the material that gives it shape is the asphaltenes.
- The resin in the bitumen helps the material stick together and be flexible.
- The oils in the bitumen material take care of the viscosity and rheology of the material.
- Sulfur, which is present in large amounts and mostly in high molecular weight fractions, is what makes the material stiff.
- The acidity of the bitumen will change if a certain complex of oxygen is present. The acidity of the bitumen is a factor that can be used to figure out how well the bitumen will stick to the aggregate particles.
bitumen uses
Bitumen is one of the most practical materials that are applied widely in many fields and uses. Road construction Mixing bitumen with sand, gravel, and crushed rock before laying it flat creates a road. In Europe alone, there are 4 million miles of road that rely on bitumen. Incredibly, 90 percent of the whole road network is asphalt. Bitumen may be used to construct roadways since its adhesive nature actually binds all building materials together. In addition, bitumen's waterproofing properties are unmatched, thus precipitation does not penetrate the road structure and just flows off. It is essential that road surfaces remain impervious to water in order to prevent the creation of fractures, deformations, and potholes. Paint Bitumen paint is utilized in several locations where a protective covering is required. It is applicable to the vast majority of materials, including iron, steel, wood, and concrete. Not only is bitumen paint resistant to water, but it is also resistant to alkaline. It is frequently applied to fire escapes, gutters, pipelines, railings, fences, water tanks, and boat hulls, among other surfaces. Roofing Almost all contemporary homes are protected from the elements with bitumen. Approximately 10 percent of the world's bitumen output is utilized for roofing. Before roof tiles are installed, a bitumen liner is applied to prevent water infiltration and ensure that the inside remains dry. It is common to use bitumen as a roofing material because, with the proper thickness, it is so durable. Bitumen roofs may survive for at least twenty years! Additionally, it is quite unlikely that the bitumen will be harmed by natural factors such as UV rays, storms, or wind. 
manufacturing process of bitumen ppt
The manufacturing process of bitumen is constantly subject to defined criteria and thorough quality control in order to ensure that only the highest-grade bitumen is distributed. Bitumen is a byproduct of the petroleum industry and may be utilized in the production of a variety of emulsions as well as other types of goods. An emulsifier, water, and bitumen are the three components that make up the emulsified bitumen. Because there are many different varieties of bitumen emulsion, it is created according to a specific set of standards that vary based on the type of bitumen emulsion that is used. When it comes to the production of bitumen-based emulsions, some of the most essential criteria are penetrability, solubility, and softening point. Bitumen is a component that is necessary for the construction of a new asphalt road as well as the refurbishment of the surfaces of existing highways. Both from a technological and economic point of view, it is regarded as being superior to anything else available. In addition to its use in the construction of roads, it is also put to extensive use in the upkeep of both structures and surfaces. Bitumen-based Road products, such as bitumen emulsion and micro-surfacing emulsion, make it simple to renew worn surfaces of roads and to preserve existing surfaces. This is especially true in the case of worn surfaces. Bitumen's popularity can also be attributed to an increased awareness of environmental issues, and road builders who are committed to promoting sustainable development often opt for cold mix technologies that are based on bitumen. To have more information on bitumen, don’t forget to keep in touch with our professional sales executives through the inquiry form.