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sodium-calcium exchanger
Feldspar comes from the German term Feldspar, which means Field Stone. "Spar" is a delicate, light-colored mineral. Feldspar is termed because of locations where its outcrops have been altered and kaolinized.
Microcline is a Greek term that means low and inclined owing to the sides' minor departure from 90 degrees. Orthoclase is named after its right-angled facets.
Due to their planar crystals, sanidine is derived from the Greek words sanis and idos.
Albite comes from the Greek word for white, Albus.
Oligoclase's name comes from the Greek words for little and fractured since its look is less flawless than albite's.
Andesine is named after the Andes since it's the principal andesitic lava. Labradorite gets its name from Labrador, where it's found in enormous quantities. Bentonite comes from Canadian Bitton (currently the city of Ottawa).
Anorthite's triclinic crystallization structure gives it the moniker "crooked."
Plagioclase gets its name from the crooked angle of its faces.
Kaolin, a feldspar weathering product, has been used since the 6th century BC. Weathered feldspars and feldspars themselves became widespread in pottery, ceramic, and glass industries. In 180 AD, feldspar was first used industrially.
Iranian artists employ feldspar and its breakdown products to make pottery, ceramics, glaze, and glass. This ancient industry in Iran grew in locations where feldspar was exposed, and pottery and ceramics were found in Hegmatane and Tos, whose raw materials came from adjacent areas. This confirms Iranian craftsmen's knowledge of the material.
Feldspar characteristics
Feldspar is the German term for "feldspar" (Field Stone). "Spar" is a delicate, light-colored mineral. Feldspar is termed because of locations where its outcrops have been altered and kaolinized.
sodium-calcium antiporter
Feldspars are alkaline earth aluminosilicates that make about 60% of Earth's crust.
Feldspars are colorless or light and have two 90-degree faces. Hardness is 6 and specific gravity is 2.55 to 2.76. (except barium feldspars).
Feldspars are similar in form and physical qualities, although they may be categorized as calcite, potassic, or sodic.
Rare monoclinic barium feldspars are not major rock-forming minerals.
Monoclinic symmetry characterizes potassium feldspars. Potassium feldspar minerals exhibit distinct but consistent physical and visual characteristics.
Triclinic sodium and calcium plagioclases (feldspars).
Ammonium feldspar (budding tonite) with monoclinic symmetry was presented in 1964.
Studies commonly refer to "Feldspar group minerals." This category comprises tectosilicate aluminosilicate minerals including potassium, sodium, calcium, and barium. Based on cation type, formation (temperature and environment), origin, and mother rock, they may be categorized as follows:
Alkaline feldspars are also termed potassium feldspar and alkaline feldspar.
PLAGIOCLASE (isomorphs of albite series, anorthite)
Rare and worthless heavy feldspars (celsian-hyalophane).
Ceramic and glass industries employ feldspar group minerals, nepheline syenite, and feldspar-rich aplites.
Nepheline syenite is likewise an interior igneous rock, and 80% to 95% of it is formed of feldspathic minerals. Feldspars and nepheline syenite are employed as smelting aids in glass and ceramics.
Feldspar
Feldspars are similar in form and physical qualities, although they may be categorized as calcite, potassic, or sodic.
Rare monoclinic barium feldspars are not major rock-forming minerals.
Monoclinic symmetry characterizes potassium feldspars. Potassium feldspar minerals exhibit distinct but consistent physical and visual characteristics.
Triclinic sodium and calcium plagioclases (feldspars).
Ammonium feldspar (budding tonite) with monoclinic symmetry was presented in 1964.
Studies commonly refer to "Feldspar group minerals." This category comprises tectosilicate aluminosilicate minerals including potassium, sodium, calcium, and barium. Feldspars are classed by cation type, formation technique (temperature and environment), origin, and mother rock.
Alkaline feldspars are also termed potassium feldspar and alkaline feldspar.
PLAGIOCLASE (isomorphs of albite series, anorthite)
Rare and worthless heavy feldspars (celsian-hyalophane).
Plagioclase feldspars are more numerous than potassium feldspars and are found in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks.
sodium-calcium cotransporter
An's the melting point is significantly greater than albite's. Calcium-rich feldspars form at high temperatures in the early phases of magma crystallization. Accordingly, certain plagioclases have a calcium-rich core and sodium-rich borders.
Internal igneous rocks create low-temperature albite, whereas lavas generate high-temperature albite. It's related to orthosis and microcline in igneous rocks such as granites, syenites, rhyolites, and trachytes. Located. Albite replaces main microcline in pegmatites. Oligoclase occurs in granodiorites and monzonites, and andesine in andesites and diorites.
In anorthosite, labradorite is the sole rock-forming mineral.
Anorthite is rarer than sodium plagioclase and forms in rocks rich in black minerals and granular limestones due to local metamorphism.
Plagioclases are prevalent in metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. Rare barium-containing feldspars include selesian and hyalophane.
Sodium and calcium feldspars:
Anorthite
Anorthite is calcite-type feldspar (CaAl2Si2O8).
Bitonite
Labrador
Andesine
Oligoclase
Albite:
(NaAlSi3O8) Albite is a feldspar. Anorthite and albite may replace plagioclase.
K-feldspars:
Potassium feldspar polymorphs include:
Orthoclase, adularia, sanidine, microcline.
Microcline is potassium's low-temperature feldspar. Microcline's potassium feldspar is (KAlSi3O8). Microcline is found in igneous and metamorphic rocks at medium to low temperatures.
This mineral's composition is comparable to sanidine and orthose, but its triclinic symmetry is similar to albite. Slowly cooling. Pegmatites contain potassium feldspar. Microcline and quartz may form a visual texture in pegmatites. This mineral is found in Iran's granites and syenites.
Corrections (orthoclaus)
It’s potassium feldspar (KAlSi3O8). Normal orthoclase forms at medium to low temperatures in igneous and metamorphic rocks.
Alkaline feldspars are limitedly interchangeable between sodium (albite) and potassium.
Orthoclase is a key mineral in medium-depth, fast-growing granites, granodiorites, and syenites. In Iran, it's found in acidic interior igneous rocks like Mashhad's orthoclase-bearing pegmatites.
Sanidine is a volcanic high-temperature monoclinic polymorph. rhyolites, trachytes, and acid tuffs contain sanidine. This mineral is found in rocks generated by high-temperature volcanic melts. This mineral is discovered in Ali Abad, Qom zeolite glass trachytes.
Adularia is a feldspar found in low-temperature hydrothermal veins with a peculiar crystal structure.
Al, Si atoms are randomly dispersed in sanidine's lattice locations, while in microcline they are ordered.
Microcline may be hydrothermally transformed to sanidine at temperatures exceeding 700 degrees Celsius. Due to the enormous activation energy, this conversion has never been done in the lab. order Al, Si atoms.
Orthoclase and Adularia are between sanidine and microcline. Most orthoclases crystallized from sanidine. Adularia is a semi-stable structure created by fast crystallization in the microcline stability field, preventing a regular arrangement of Al, and Si. KALSi3O8 and NaAlSi3O8 solidify at high temperatures. Sodic orthoclase, when potassium is greater than sodium, has monoclinic symmetry.
Higher sodium members have more than 63% albite, and triclinic symmetry, and are named anorthoclase.
At lower temperatures, interstitial solid solutions between orthoclase and albite are semi-stable. With progressive cooling, they break and form a tangle of sodium and potassium-rich semi-parallel blades. is. It's termed perititis or antiperititis. In perthites, plagioclase is layered, streaked, or dispersed in orthoclase or microcline. Antibodies reverse this connection.
The continuous and one-handed framework of AlO4, SiO4 monoclinic, and triclinic tetrahedrons. At high temperatures, Na, and K ions form a homogenous crystal in this structural framework.
At lower temperatures, potassium and sodium layers generate order and monoclinic and triclinic strings.
sodium-calcium exchanger ratio
Felspar’s kind and quantity help classify igneous rocks. The greater the proportion of SiO2 in a rock, the fewer dark minerals, the more potassium feldspars, and the more sodium plagioclase. Conversely, a drop in SiO2 will increase dark minerals and make plagioclase more calcareous.
Feldspars are classified by cation type, formation process (temperature and environment), pressure, and parent rock.
1-Alkaline feldspars/orthoclases (microcline, orthose, sanidine, and anorthosite).
2-PLAGICLASES (albite-anorthite series isomorphs).
3-Rare and worthless Salesian-Hyalophane feldspars.
Feldspar occurrences
Important feldspar deposits are:
Pegmatite
The coarseness of the crystals distinguishes them from internal stones. Pegmatites are the result of partial crystallization of melts rich in silica, aluminum, alkalis, water, volatile compounds, and secondary and minor elements that could not penetrate mineral crystals.
Due to volatile chemicals and water, pegmatite melt has a low viscosity and may be injected into weak surfaces and cracks.
Pegmatites are usually found with granites and include quartz, feldspar, muscovite, and biotite (a composition similar to granite). Crystal size and texture are the main variations. Pegmatites may be simple or complicated based on their structure.
Quartz and feldspar are prominent pegmatite minerals. Complex pegmatites are important owing to rare minerals and elements.
High-metamorphic regions create the following partly melting pegmatites. Pegmatites are the initial result of partial melting. Pegmatites develop around 500-700°C.
APPLETS (commercial term)
Aplite is a fine, feldspar- and quartz-rich granite. This term describes granite micro-crystal dykes or the cooled edge facies of interior granite rocks with a low color coefficient and characteristic texture, nicknamed "sugar grain" or "aplite."
Aplites may be chemically similar to granite and granodiorites, although the word is used for microcrystalline rocks with alkaline leucocrat granites or granites. Some aplites may form quartz veins due to their fluctuating quartz-feldspar ratio. Aplites and pegmatites are found in granite margins.
Senet:
Nepheline syenite consists of nepheline, microcline, and albite.
Nepheline's chemical formula is (Na, K) AlSiO4, however, nature usually includes potassium. Nepheline-bearing rocks are widespread, but only a small quantity can be economically mined.
Feldspathoids are aluminosilicate minerals with comparable composition as feldspars but less silica. Undersaturated magmas (low in silica) crystallized these minerals, and there is no indication of a fundamental parent magma (Middlemost, 1985). Theories include:
Alkaline magma formation
Upper mantle/lower crust metasomatism
Upper mantle/lower crust magma mixing
Only 20-25% nepheline, 48-54% albite, and 18-23% microcline syenites are usable.
Physical weathering products of the above rocks may be utilized to make feldspar.
Alaskite:
Granites
Feldspar
Quartzites feldspathic
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