Despite China's large granite supplies, the use and development of granite in asphalt mixture pavement are severely hampered by poor adhesion between granite and asphalt as well as water stability difficulties.
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Amines and polymers were chosen as anti-stripping additives to improve the adhesion of granite to asphalt as well as the asphalt mixture water stability. Following that, the modification effect of numerous anti-stripping modified asphalts was evaluated utilizing the following modified asphalts: silane coupling agent modified asphalt (SCAMA), rock asphalt modified asphalt (RMA), SBS modified asphalt (SBS), and double rock composite modified asphalt (SCA&RMA). The adhesion of various asphalt types and granite aggregates was then evaluated before and after aging using the time-delayed water immersion method. AC-10 and AC-16 granite-asphalt mixtures were built to examine the increased effect of granite-asphalt mixtures on pavement performance. An indoor performance test and a 1/3 scale accelerated loading test was used to accomplish this. According to the findings, asphalt coated with an amine or organic polymer anti-stripping agent can significantly improve the adhesion between granite and asphalt. The Hamburg wheel-tracking test was unable to portray the complete high-temperature rutting failure process adequately. When evaluating the high-temperature performance and water stability of asphalt mixtures, the coupling impact of water and high temperature should be taken into account. The following is the proposed order of water stability of granite-asphalt mixture: SCA&RMA is superior to RMA, SBS, SCAMA, and 70-A in terms of modification effect. China has abundant granite supplies, but the adhesion of granite to asphalt is weak, and there are additional concerns, such as low water stability, that significantly limit the usage and acceptance of granite in asphalt pavement. Granite is a strongly igneous rock with a SiO2 content of 60-85%. Asphalt does not cling well on granite since it is an acidic aggregate. It is difficult to ensure water stability and longevity while paving asphalt pavement with asphalt mix aggregate. The asphalt layer removing aggregate, particle falling, looseness, and other water damage are all difficulties with traditionally constructed granite-asphalt pavement. 
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Furthermore, the effectiveness of its standard anti-stripping procedures is extremely low, which considerably affects the lifespan of asphalt pavement, boosts maintenance costs, and reduces highway efficiency. To solve this issue, most firms optimized the pavement structure and material design by modifying the granite-asphalt combination or structural properties. Several previous tests have improved the adhesion between acid aggregate and asphalt. Numerous articles and technical specifications on ways to strengthen the resistance of asphalt mixes to water damage and test techniques for measuring the water resistance of asphalt mixtures have been published following significant studies. According to Hveem (1937), the key factor influencing the acid asphalt mixture's resistance to water damage was the interface adhesion between asphalt and acid aggregate. At the same time as Marshall engineers' suggestion, the Marshall immersion test, which had previously been widely used to check the water stability of asphalt mixtures, was also incorporated into Chinese regulations. According to the Federal Highway Administration (1982), asphalt mixtures manufactured with a liquid anti-stripping agent and slaked lime powder outperformed asphalt mixtures made with a single anti-stripping ingredient. The US Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) (1988) proposed replacing some mineral powder with hydrated lime powder and adding an anti-stripping chemical called amine to improve asphalt's water resistance. Anti-stripping additives such as lime, cement, amine, and amide can be added to roadway asphalt mixtures in Japan and only diminish the mixture's anti-stripping effectiveness. The over-exploitation of high-quality road building materials such as basalt and limestone in China has resulted in price increases and increased demand for non-renewable sand and gravel resources. Some domestic scientific research institutes and universities have investigated acid aggregates, and granite research and use are expanding in China. Adhesion boosters, according to Xiao et al. 
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(2004), can greatly improve the performance of asphalt concrete when utilized with both acidic granite stone and neutral basalt stone. The asphalt containing a coupling agent stuck to the stone with a grade of 5. Chen Shi and Sha Aimin (2008) used granite as a research object in Guangdong Province's Pearl River Delta. SBS modifier was added to the original asphalt to increase stickiness. It was determined that the acidity of asphalt affected how effectively aggregate clung to it. According to Zhang Aiqin's (2008) hypothesis, when the concentration of titanate coupling agent was 0. 45%, the water stability rose significantly and the adhesion between granite and asphalt reached grade 5. Fan Liang (2009) demonstrated that adding the proper amount of rock asphalt to an asphalt mixture will improve its high-temperature performance, water damage resistance, and dynamic modulus. Zhang Wentao (2016) modified asphalt with various combinations of stripping agents (Xi'an Huaze PA-A, Shanghai TJ-006 anti-stripping agent, KB-203 dispersion). Anti-stripping chemicals greatly increased the adhesion of granite and asphalt in experimental research. The adhesion between granite and asphalt increased after Li Mingting (2017) employed SBS-modified asphalt. Peng Chao (2017) investigated the adhesion energy and peel energy of silane coupling agent and the interaction between asphalt and aggregate using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), revealing that silane coupling agent has a superior effect in enhancing the adhesion of asphalt aggregate. Han Sen (2019) developed a bond failure model of asphalt aggregate based on the surface free energy technique to examine the improved effect of hydrated lime on asphalt bond performance. Hydrated lime, according to the results of a normal performance test, RTFO test, and PAV aging test, can reduce the polarity difference between asphalt and aggregate, increase surface energy, and improve asphalt adhesion. 
Granite Asphalt Mixture
Wang Fuqiang investigated the effects of hydrated lime and a silane coupling agent on the water stability of a wetland granite asphalt mixture and concluded that this combination produced the best mixing results. Some studies have proposed a variety of combinations of spalling agents, the compound mixing action of hydrated lime and silane coupling agent, plant ash byproducts, or recycled paper mill sludge to increase the performance of asphalt mixtures. Yin Yanping investigated the effect of aggregate composition on aggregate-asphalt adhesion. XPS spectroscopy was used to investigate the surface chemical bonding of the sample. Using a range of macro and micro test methods, the effect of KH-792 silane coupling agent on the surface properties of acidic aggregates and the functioning of asphalt mixtures was examined. Lv Songtao (2020) modified the surface of the aggregate with a silane coupling agent. The microscopic examination revealed that the silane coupling agent and the aggregate created Si-O-C and Si-O-Si covalent bonds, as well as hydrogen bonds. A polysiloxane coupling layer film was observed to form on the aggregate's surface, which improved the aggregate's surface properties. Ding described the asphalt-aggregate interface at the molecular level using a molecular dynamics simulation.
- Valentin's (2021) suggestion is that the performance of asphalt pavement additives cannot be assessed just by the results of a single test.
Correlations were found between the fracture mechanics of asphalt concrete, the sensitivity of mechanical property degradation, and asphalt and aggregate. The results indicated the silane coupling agent's good adhesion effect. According to previous research, a silane coupling agent clearly increases acid aggregate adhesion and water stability. There is currently no systematic and comprehensive assessment of the road performance index of asphalt mixtures and diverse environmental circumstances, and experimental research on silane coupling agents focuses primarily on the rheological qualities or microstructure of asphalt mortar. 
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Furthermore, when compared to field pavement, the laboratory test is heavily influenced by environmental conditions, specimen size, load frequency, and other variables. It is not possible to quantify the water damage resistance of an asphalt mixture treated with a silane coupling agent. This research uses an MTS-810 hydraulic servo testing machine and a 1/3 scale pavement accelerated loading test system as the primary experimental platform to generate AC-10 and AC-16 double-layer asphalt mixture composite specimens. It also prepares silane coupling agents, rock asphalt, and other anti-stripping composite measures. The degree of contribution and water stability of various anti-stripping agent schemes are investigated, and the water damage resistance of the SCA&RMA combination is evaluated using the immersion Marshall test, water damage sensitivity analysis test, and freeze-thaw splitting test. It serves as a standard for the performance of the granite-asphalt mixture as a pavement. In this investigation, the lower layer was an AC-16 mixture, and the upper layer was an AC-10 mixture. The following aggregate gradations were ultimately decided to be the best for AC-10: mineral powder = 44%: 12%: 40%: 4% (gravel 5-10 mm): (gravel 3-5 mm): (gravel 0-3 mm) The ideal AC-16 aggregate grading was: (gravel 10-16 mm): (5-10 mm sandstone): (3–5 mm gravel) 22%: 40%: 7%: 27%: 4% mineral powder (gravel 0-3 mm). Under base asphalt, the volume index and mechanical index test results of the granite-asphalt mixtures AC-10 and AC-16 on Marshall specimens revealed a 5.1% AC-10 asphalt aggregate ratio. Adding Qingchuan rock asphalt to the granite-asphalt mixture caused it to become evenly colored and significantly less fluid during the trial mixing operation. As a consequence, the ideal asphalt aggregate ratio was accurately adjusted to 4.9% to avoid having too little asphalt affect the research conclusions. 
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The effects of four anti-stripping agents on the performance of asphalt binder and granite-asphalt mixture were evaluated using adhesion studies between asphalt and granite aggregate and pavement performance investigations, such as water stability of asphalt mixture. The use of granite aggregate in asphalt DSR, BBR, and adhesion tests revealed that the composite superposition of rock asphalt and coupling agent has a beneficial effect, which not only corrects the flaws of the silane coupling agent's poor durability and easy decomposition but also corrects the flaws of the rock asphalt's poor low-temperature crack resistance. According to the delayed water immersion method, which was used to validate this, the SCA&RMA followed by RTFOT and PAV had the smallest peeling area and the best adhesion with granite aggregate. According to the results of the laboratory pavement performance test, the silane coupling agent could improve water stability and low-temperature fracture resistance, but its thermal stability and durability were inferior to those of other anti-stripping approaches. Qingchuan rock asphalt demonstrated excellent high-temperature rutting resistance and aging resistance, but poor low-temperature crack resistance. In general, SCA&RMA provided the greatest benefits in terms of enhancing the granite-asphalt combination. To evaluate the structural performance of granite-asphalt mixtures under the coupling impact of load and environment, rutting specimens of double-layer asphalt mixture were constructed using a 1/3 scale accelerated loading test apparatus. Under the combined impact of high temperature, water, and heavy axle load, the SCA&RMA mixture had the best high-temperature stability and water stability, and it had gone through three cycles of early compaction, medium creep, and late failure. Only after a small amount of wheel load did the four anti-stripping devices, RMA, SBS, 70-A, and SCA, fail. In this study, amine and organic polymer anti-stripping compounds were utilized to increase the adhesion between granite acid aggregate and asphalt, as well as the water stability and durability of the granite-asphalt mixture. 
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Based on laboratory test results and mechanism analysis of asphalt binder and granite-asphalt mixture, the following conclusions were reached: By adding an anti-stripping agent or composite to asphalt, the adherence of granite aggregate to various types of asphalt can be significantly increased. The adhesion grades of granite aggregate to various asphalt kinds were classified as follows: SCAMA > 70-A > SBS; SCAMA > RMA Short-term aging had little effect on the performance of RMA, SCAMA, and SCA&RMA at high temperatures. The complex modulus of treated asphalt was substantially higher than that of basal asphalt after a limited period of aging. Modified asphalt can significantly improve the fatigue performance of asphalt. SCA&RMA, SCAMA, RMA, SBS, and 70-A fatigue resistance categories were employed. Based on the findings of the water sensitivity analysis test, which offered an accurate assessment of the asphalt mixture's water stability, the water stability of the granite-asphalt mixture was sorted as follows: 70-A > SBS > RMA > SCA&RMA > SCAMA The accelerated loading test tire was more similar to the actual vehicle than the Hamburg wheel-tracking test, and the loading times could be customized, allowing researchers to fully grasp the asphalt mixture's failure process. The asphalt mixture with slow rutting growth in the early loading stage entering the failure stage influenced the evaluation of asphalt mixture road performance, especially when loading periods exceeded 20,000 times. As a result, improved test methods or test procedures should be employed to comprehensively analyze the granite-asphalt mixture's pavement performance. The KH-550 of SCA and RMA was mostly utilized in this study to introduce color, apparent state, and physical properties, as well as to conduct a preliminary examination of the physical and chemical mechanisms of Qingchuan rock asphalt, coupling agent, and granite aggregate. The chemical composition of the asphalt mixture and pavement performance was not completely connected. The performance of the granite-asphalt mixture impacted by high temperature and water environment was first examined using an inadequately deep 1/3 scale accelerated loading test equipment. As a result, a more extensive study on the development of the adhesion between granite and asphalt, as well as the enhancement of the pavement performance of the asphalt mixture on various scales, is required. 